Abstracts of presentations

Abstracts titles

 

 

Abstracts

 

Contribution of GIS to the characterization of physiographic parameters of surface runoff control in three sub-watersheds of the Mandara Mountains (Far North Cameroon)

HALIMASSIA EMINA (1), KOSSOUMNA LIBA’A Natali (2), GANOTA Boniface (3), BASKA TOUSSIA Daniel Valérie (4), DJIBRILLA Paul (5), DZEUFACK DJOUMESSI Gaëtan Arthur (6)

 

1) Doctorant / Université de Maroua
2) Professeur des Universités / Université de Maroua
3) Maître de conférences / Université de Maroua
4) Maître de conférences / Université de Maroua
5) Assistant / Université de Maroua
6) Doctorant / Université de Yaoundé I

 

Abstract. This work shows the potential of geographic information systems (GIS) for the evaluation of the physiographic characteristics which condition the surface flow of three mountain sub-basins namely the SBV of Mayo Mandia and Zamay located on the foothills and the SBV of Moutfoum located on the plateau of a watershed which condition the surface flow. The processing of DTMs from 30 m resolution SRTM images using GIS has led to the extraction of the various sub-basins, the creation and construction of thematic maps and the automatic calculation of a multitude of physiographic parameters (size, shape, slope, drainage density, etc.) for each sub-basin (characteristics of shape, relief, and hydrographic network). The objective of this work is to highlight the weight of these different parameters on the flow of surface water. The correlation between these physiographic variables and some parameters which characterize this flow shows that these steep slopes induce torrential flows with a more moderate runoff speed at the level of the plateau (1.36 m / s for the Mayo Moutfoum) and the flows are more intense on the piedmonts of 2.78 m / s and 2.11 m / s respectively for the Mayo Mandia and the Mayo Zamay. Keywords. GIS, DEM, Physiographic characteristics, watershed, surface runoff

 

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Geographic Information System and analysis of accessibility to basic social structures in the rural communes of the Bamboutos department (West-Cameroon)

YEMELONG TEMGOUA Nadine (1)

 

(1) Chargée de Cours, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Bamenda (Nord-Ouest du Cameroun), travail effectué dans le cadre d’un stage à l’Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgique), Juin-Décembre 2018

 

Abstract. Dating back to the colonial era, the decentralisation process in Cameroon began to take shape with the constitutional revision of 18 January 1996. In this movement, each council is called upon to gather the necessary tools for its development. However, rural councils are sometimes confronted with several problems, including the lack of tools for managing their infrastructures. This study aims to show how open source GIS can contribute to studying the accessibility of populations to basic social structures related to education, health and potable water. The methodology used is based on the analysis of the distance to the nearest social structure. Spatial and attribute data relating to basic social structures were collected in the councils of Babadjou, Batcham and Galim. The data processing resulted in the creation of distance surface maps around these structures. The results show that, overall, a large majority of the population can access a social structure on foot within one hour, but when other factors such as the type of structure are taken into account, the proportion with access decreases considerably. Because of their efficiency and affordability, open source GIS are positioned as tools to study the accessibility of local populations to social structures. By using these tools, decision-makers will now have the possibility to do better planning in the territories they are responsible for as foreseen in the decentralisation process. Keywords. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), decentralisation, local development, social structures.

 

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Drone and quickbird data: What uses for local development planning in Baboné (Cameroon)

 

NDJOUNGUEP Jusacar (1), MEDIEBOU Chindji (1), POUABE Lucien (2)

 

(1) Géographe, chercheur, Université de Yaoundé I
(2) Topographe, Gloval Map and Survey Engeniering

 

Abstract. Mapping is an indispensable tool in the management and development of the territory. It is a basis for a better dimensioning of works and the facilitation of land allotments in rural areas. The aim of this article is to draw up a map of the state of the land use, equipment and infrastructure. To achieve this, we have proceeded to cross-reference cartographic, photogrammetric, satellite and Ground Control Point (GCP) data in order to propose better decision-making tools. The results show, on the one hand, thematic maps (topographic, land use, infrastructure) produced on the basis of the cross-referencing of the above data. On the other hand, a database of GCPs that have been implemented and observed from Geolocation and Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The maps obtained allow the updating of the topographic maps produced in Cameroon in the early 1980s. They allow the design of a database for a better sizing of the infrastructures and the follow-up of the densification of the geodetic network on the territory. Keywords. Drone, Quickbird, rural land, local development, database.

 

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Changes in the vegetation cover in the Zamay reserve in the Far North of Cameroon and the role of anthropogenic actions

 

TSIMI EBOLO Armand (1), Remi JIAGHO (2), ETOUNA Joachim (3), Éric FOTSING (4)

 

(1) Université de Ngaoundéré, Laboratoire de Géomatique
(2) Université de Yaoundé 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure
(3) ONG I Love Geomatic. Yaoundé
Université de Dschang, IUT Victor Fotso de Bandjoun

 

Abstract. This study addresses the impact of the increasing refugee population on the woody vegetation of the Zamay Forest Reserve. The main objective is to assess the impact of the influx of refugees on the dynamics of the vegetation cover. The approach adopted is based on field observations, interviews with the reserve's management authorities and traditional chiefs, and surveys of the surrounding population. Satellite images were also used to classify the occupation zones in a hierarchical manner. The results of this study show that between 2000 and 2013, the forest regressed from 42.7% to 29.2% and that between 2013 and 2021, it increased significantly from 29.2% to 33.3% of its vegetation cover. The consequences of the loss of forest cover observed before 2003 resulted in the extension of cultivated areas and the consequences are biophysical (water erosion, wind erosion) and socio-economic. The recovery observed after 2013 can be explained by the actions undertaken to minimise the regression of the vegetation cover, namely: the multiplication of observation posts and the use of intensive surveillance by forest guards. For a more sustainable and controlled management of the Zamay forest reserve, we recommend a zoning of the space and the use of geomatics and in particular remote sensing and GIS for management and continuous monitoring. Key words. Vegetation cover, refugees, remote sensing, GIS, Zamay.

 

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The mapping of shopping in the city of Yaounde

 

ELOUNA Boris (1), MEDIEBOU CHINDJI (2)

 

(1) Master en cartographie, Université de Yaoundé I
(2) Chargée de cours, Université de Yaoundé I

 

Abstract. Many urban crises are linked to the difficulty of identifying from a map an urban layout where one can find: the shopping street, the food market, the supermarket sector. The objective of this article is to present the steps of the method used to map the layout of the shoppings of the Yaoundé Urban Community (CUY). To achieve this, we collected GPS data (geographic coordinates) and photographs, non-spatial data (item references, item prices and gender) in order to process and implement them. The result is a database, a digital shopping mall map and a recommendation system. Thus, the mapping of the urban development of the city of Yaoundé is necessary based on the tools of Geomatics Cartography, Urban Community, Shoppings, geomatics, city of Yaoundé.

 

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Development of a web mapping application for access to geospatial information on Tourism in Cameroon

 

FOTSO Clarice (1), TONGO Landry (1), SENOUA César (1) et VOURNONE Marcellin (1)

 

(1) National institute of cartography, P.O. Box 157 Yaoundé, Cameroon, claricefotso@yahoo.fr

 

Abstract. Cameroon is known as Africa in miniature and therefore has great tourism potential. In view of the low level of exploitation of this wealth, the State of Cameroon has committed since 2010 to the redevelopment of sites, access roads and places of recreation. For an effective and efficient dissemination of its tourism offer, a web mapping application was implemented in 2012. However, it could not be published due to a number of shortcomings, in particular the use of a mono scale map at 1: 500,000 and the lack of interactivity with the map. In this article we propose an improved version of this application and through a software development process, a new platform has been implemented and allows on the OSM multi-scale basemap, interactive access to tourism offers on Cameroon in providing descriptive information and illustrative photos on request. Key words. Web mapping, map, tourism, interactivity, Cameroon

 

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Applied geographic information systems (GIS) and territorial governance of solid waste: case of the municipality of Saint-Louis in Senegal

 

SARR Khalifa Ababacar (1)

 

(1) CEO http://iga.sn/ | Groupe TELOPHASECEO du Cabinet IGA SARL

 

Abstract. The city of Saint-Louis is currently confronted with many constraints combined with an amphibious site unfavorable to a large-scale human settlement like an eccentric and landlocked character in the north of the country, economic dynamism hampered by the crisis of its main sector of activity (fishing), particularly degraded urban setting, in particular due to the proliferation of waste, threatened and restrictive natural site. There is a high production of waste in the municipality; 104,866 kg of waste produced per day, i.e. 104.866 tonnes of waste; i.e. 6816.29 tonnes produced per year. The characterization of the waste was carried out in 2014 by the UCG, after finding that most of the waste is made up of fine materials (sand), plastic (light and hard) and organic materials (food residue). The municipality of Saint-Louis has a street sweeping system managed by the municipal authority. The sweeping is done at the level of 22 arteries (streets and avenues) on a linear of 21.778 km. This system has benefited from the support of the Priority Cleanliness Program (3P) of the Waste Management Coordination Unit, in its sustainability phase. We have developed an applied Geographic Information System to better manage the waste collection and management activity. For greater efficiency, it will be necessary to recruit and train three technical agents in the use of this geographical database with spatial reference. Database, Urban Waste, Governance, Saint Louis, Senegal, Geographic Information System.

 

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Flood risk management strategies in the city of Diffa

 

KIARI FOUGOU Hadiza (1), DAMBO Lawali (2), LAWANE BOUKAR Mahamadou (3)

 

(1) Géographe, Enseignante-chercheure, Maître-Assistante à l’Université de Diffa
(2) Géographe, Enseignante-chercheure, Maître de Conférences à l’Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey
(3) Master Géographie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey

 

Abstract. Since the floods of 2012, the city of Diffa has faced the phenomenon of recurrent floods, which is due to the overflows of the Komadougou Yobé. The objective of this work is to analyze the main factors of this flood and the strategies used to fight against it. Most of the data was collected from official data provided by the technical services, supplemented by field surveys based on individual interviews and surveys by administered questionnaires from heads of household. In this work, the choice of these three districts, namely : Diffa Koura, Sabon Carré and Festival, is explained by the recurrence of the flooding phenomenon. Data collection was carried out with 45 people, including 14 women and 31 men, with a proportion of 31.1% women against 68.9% men. The analysis of the result obtained shows that the overflow of the Komadougou Yobé River, the occupation of risk areas by the population, silting, failure to control the flooding of this river upstream (in Nigeria) and climate change are the main factors of the floods recorded in the city of Diffa. The observation and analysis of satellite images, the map of flood-prone areas and risk areas have made it possible to determine the aggravating factors of these floods. The analysis of the topographic profile across, the slope, the degradation of the vegetation cover of the watershed, further indicated the amplifying factors of these floods in the city of Diffa. It was found through this study a gradual increase in the damage and damage caused by the 2019 river flood in Diffa. This negative progression of the damage is explained by the insufficiency of the tools and institutional mechanisms for the prevention and management of floods that the State and its partners should put in place. However, the most used strategy is that of the earthen dyke. Notwithstanding, the solutions provided by local authorities, technical services and development partners for better risk management in the city of Diffa, much effort is still needed. Key words. Komadougou Yobé, floods, risks, management, strategies, Diffa.

 

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From time uncertainties to resilient farming practices in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon

 

FOFIRI NZOSSIE Eric Joël (1), WAKPONOU Anselme (2), TEMPLE Ludovic (3-4)

 

(1) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie / Chercheur associé UMR 201 “Développement & Sociétés” IRD-IEDES, BP. 320, Yaoundé (Cameroun)
(2) Université de Bertoua, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS). BP. 652, Bertoua (Cameroun)
(3) Cirad, UMR Innovation, F-34398 Montpellier, France, ludovic.temple@cirad.fr
(4) INNOVATION, Univ Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France

 

Abstract. In the Cameroonian Sudano-Sahelian region, the rainfall irregularities, floods and recurrent droughts make agricultural activities more precarious, which is still too much linked to natural data. The aim of this article is to show that in the face of the vicissitudes of climate change, farmers are multiplying new experiences in their daily activities to ensure their survival. These experiments concern the management of runoff water and soil moisture, the selection of varieties and the adoption of crops resistant to water stress, the conquest of new agricultural fronts, the creation and use of artificial ponds reveal the capacity of local societies to cope with climate shocks by going beyond simple adaptation practices to resilient behavior. Keys words: Agriculture, Adaptation, Strategy, resilience, Cameroon.

 

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Implementation of spatial data collection mobile digital tool for better management of bertoua urban territory (East-Cameroon)

 

PETNGA NYAMEN Simon Pierre (1), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (2), AMOUGOU Jeanne Laure Viviane (3) et LABE YADIA Yveline (3)

 

(1) Chargé de Cours, Université de Bertoua, ENS de Bertoua, Département de Géographie
(2) Chargé de Cours, Université de Dschang, IUT de Bandjoun, Département d’Informatique
(3) PLEG d’Informatique, option : Technologie de l’Information et de la Communication

 

Abstract. The issue of local development is closely linked to that of land and estate law, as planning involves land management. Moreover, it has not escaped the Cameroonian legislator that the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities (DTCs) must have secure lands for the realisation of their various planning and development projects. This is the raison why, the laws relating to Regions and Municipalities transfer to them, competences in the field of urban planning, territorial development and urban planning. In addition, these texts define the general framework for the appropriation and/or use of land belonging to the private estate of the State, the public estate and the national estate. However, the problem is that almost all of Cameroon's DTCs do not have a good command of their entire territory, because they do not have a Geographic Information System (GIS). The areas of competence of these DTCs are therefore poorly known, which hinders the control of local land resources. The current world (21st Century) is resolutely turned towards digital technology, which offers powerful and adequate tools for the management of spatially referenced information. This paper is part of the e-governance issue in Africa, it is a contribution to the improvement of land management of local communities in Cameroon, based on a test carried out in the city of Bertoua. Its main objective is to present the methodological approach used to design and operationalize of a mobile digital tool for the characterisation of urban land for better decision-making. Key words. Mobile tool, Geographic Information System, Decentralized Territorial Collectivities, Land management, Bertoua.

 

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Combatting Soil Degradation and Desertification in the Far North Cameroon through a Webmapping Application using OpensourceTools

 

WADOUFEY Abbel (1), MOHAMADOU Yakouda (1), NAMEKONG DAGHA Sinclair (1)

 

(1) Research Assistant, National Institute of Cartography, Cameroun

 

Abstract. In order to efficiently combat soil degradation and desertification in Far North Cameroon, an ecological approach called ReviTec® was established through an experimental demonstration site. In the light of the management of spatial data within the site, ReviTec® researchers have been encountering difficulties related to data collection, analysis and display on plant growth processes. For sustainable management of ReviTec® activities, we propose in this research, a Geographic Information System coupled with WebMapping that makes it easier to directly disseminate and manipulate objects on a map. This system has enabled the viewing of items such as trees, islands, half-moons and bunds on the map where they are represented by points. For each structure, the system offers a possible visualization by a simple click on “More Information” on plant species, treatment applied on plants, plant growth, plant images, and tree biovolumes. Such an adapted and innovative technology is suggested to be implemented in other existing ReviTec® sites in Cameroon for a better visualization of results obtained. Key words: ReviTec®, WebMapping, GIS, spatial data, soil degradation, desertification, information system.

 

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A look at the landscape integration process in the new urban centre of Diamniadio in Senegal

 

BADIANE Sidia Diaouma (1), MBAYE Edmée (1)

 

(1) Laboratoire de Biogéographie, Département de Géographie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar

 

Abstract. In the context of smart cities, the notion of landscape has a fundamental place. This important dimension has been considered in the planning of the urban pole of Diamniadio. This reflection is thus concerned with the integration of landscape in the planning of the urban pole of Diamniadio. The study was based on a research approach of direct field observation, a survey of actors, and inventories of baobab tree feet as landscape markers. It shows that the landscape is at the heart of the Diamniadio urban centre construction project. The development of this new town is based on planning that highlights the natural assets of the area. The first infrastructure construction works bear witness to this. The ambition of the public authorities is to make Diamniadio an intelligent city by articulating the urban in the natural. This involves preserving green spaces, adapting constructions to the substrate and enhancing wetlands. Keywords. Landscape integration, development, urban pole, Diamniadio, Senegal.

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Phenology of woody species preserved in the savannah and evolution of environments modified by anthropic activity. The example of the savannahs of North-East Ivorian

 

KAMBIRE Sambi (1)

 

(1) Maître-assistant, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly/Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)

 

Abstract. The natural environment of the Sudanese savannahs is characterized by useful protected species of trees, organized in orchards or parks. This woody stand does not strongly dominate the landscape; it adorns. In addition, it is at the origin of many original aspects: in these savannas where the clearings and fires practiced by the man involve a depletion of the flora of origin and a reduction in the fertility of the soil, these species involve modifications remarkable the physiognomy of the different facies of the vegetation by the appearance and the fall of their leaves, flowers and fruits. We can therefore wonder about the role of these phenological modifications in restoring the environments modified by humans. The aim of this work was to understand the phenology of the main woody species spared by the clearing of rural communities and the useful modifications they can make in environments deeply modified by anthropic activity. The phenological stages of these woody species are analyzed on the basis of surveys carried out every two weeks from the start of the dry season (November) to the end of the rainy season (May-June to October). The following results show that their green regrowth, from scattered fruits or roots, allow the woody reconquest of environments abandoned to fallow. Key words. Phenology, useful species of trees, destroyed environments, savannah, North-Eastern Côte d’Ivoire.

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A Generic Service-Oriented Framework for GIS Applications dedicated to Land Use Research Community

 

KAKEU TUEKAM Severin (1), FOTSING Eric (2)

 

(1) Département de Génie Informatique, LAIA laboratory, Institut Universitaire de Technologie Fotso Victor, Université de Dschang
(2) Département de Mathématique et d’Informatique, URIFIA laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Dschang

 

Abstract. With the growing availability of geo-referenced information and GIS applications on the Web, issues of sharing knowledge in networked activities and services have attracted interest both in land use research, commercial and academic world. Land use research community includes actors coming from various disciplines forming a community of practice for sharing concerns about work, problems and challenges they face. Agent-based, Artificial Intelligence, mathematical and spatial approaches are generally used to propose solutions for complex problems solving in the field of environment. Sometimes the diversity of software architectures used in GIS applications limits the efficiency of sharing knowledge in the community. Nowadays, these applications should not be limited to storage and display process, but they should be component and service-oriented in order to facilitate knowledge, data and services sharing between domain tools or actors in various field including Remote Sensing applications, Multi-agents System and Big Data platforms. In this paper, we tackle this issue by proposing a generic service-oriented framework that provides support to developers for building more effective loose-coupled and scalable GIS applications. Keywords. Software Architecture, Middleware, GIS Technology, Service, Community of Practice, Land Use.

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Remote sensing, GIS and study of the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use on the landscape of Mount Cameroon, South-West Region Cameroon

 

MEZAFACK karol L (1), Julius TATA Nfor (1), NGUEFACK Jovis Arnold (1), TIENTCHEU Loic (1)

 

(1) Unité de Recherche d’étude climatologique Environnementale de l’Université de Dschang, UCLIREN, Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang

 

Abstract. The landscape of Mount Cameroon is endowed with a tropical volcano covered with a dense forest belt that centuries of human occupations have contributed to shaping. Taking this into account, the main objective of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover and land use in the said area. The diachronic approach was used for the digital processing of satellite images of the period of 1986, 2010 and 2020 according to the likelihood algorithm. However, the cross-referencing of images from the 1986 and 2020 period from the land change modeler module made it possible to assess the gains and losses of land use categories. Indeed, eleven classes of land use have been identified but which are not always well differentiated. The changes observed operate differently during the periods 1986-2010 and 2010-2020. The overall rate of change shows a notable regression in certain categories of land cover. These are mainly natural plant formations (Coastal forests, Sub-montane forests and mangroves) with respectively an overall regression of the order (-30.28%, -14.33% and -38.37%) of the total area of the study area. At the same time, significant progress is observed on the side of young secondary forests and dense mountain forests respectively of the order (33.94% and 13.49%). of the built-up areas and peasant agro-plantations class with an overall expansion rate of around 137.29% and 29%. However, during the period 1986 to 2021 four forms of change have been observed in the landscape. It is another phenomenon of natural regeneration of dense mountain and young secondary forests which represents 39% of the landscape followed by the phenomenon of regeneration which represents 32.68% of the landscape area. The phenomenon of deforestation represents 17% of the surface of the landscape, and finally the phenomenon of urbanization which represents 10.96% of the landscape. All this could be explained by the strong anthropization of the landscape by human activities. It seems necessary to take urgent measures to safeguard the remaining ecosystems in order to allow a more balanced development of the area. Key words. Land cover, landscape, remote sensing, GIS, anthropization, Mount Cameroon.

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Characterization of the effects of the metropolisation of Douala on the city of Dibombari by remote sensing and GIS

 

Julius TATA Nfor (1) & NIOTO Brigitte Nancy (1)

 

(1) Unité de Recherche de Climatologie et d’Etudes Environnementale (UCLIREN) Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang

 

Abstract. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing have become a real tool for spatial analysis, affecting almost all areas, such as urban planning. The objective of this research is to explore the contribution of the combined use of remote sensing and GIS in the management of the effects of the metropolisation of Douala on the city of Dibombari. Four axes were chosen for this study: spatial coverage, demographic evolution, exchange flows and services between the two cities and land occupation over a period of 43 years (1977 to 2020) from images Landsat. The evolution trajectories of land cover and land use changes were first reconstructed from the classification of satellite images using an object-oriented approach. Then, landscape metrics were calculated in order to analyze the main spatio-temporal dynamics of urban expansion and their impact on landscape structures. Field surveys were conducted to obtain statistical data. The results reveal a clear progression of the urban fabric which is unevenly distributed in space, but especially concentrated around national roads n°3 and n°5 and around the limits between Douala IV and the villages close to Dibombari. This increase in land consumption, at an average rate of 1.2%/year from 2014, has mainly taken place to the detriment of agricultural land, while the urban area continues to integrate more and more green spaces close to Douala. The projection made of the urban evolution of the city of Dibombari, being very optimistic, will lead to the updating of the land database and the birth of web mapping projects, for the simplification of the interactions of individuals and municipal services. For the birth of a resilient Dibombari. Key words. Metropolisation, Remote sensing, GIS, City of Dibombari, Cameroon.

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Contribution of geomatics to the mapping of areas at risk of malaria transmission in the city of Yamoussoukro (Central Ivory Coast)

 

KOUAME Adonis Krou Damien (1), KOUADIO TAMEGNON Jean Carlos (1), GNAZALÉ Gnahoua Guy Roger (1)

 

(1) Université Félix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY, UFR STRM/CURAT

 

Abstract. The spread of vector-borne diseases depends on the persistence of climatic and environmental factors that favor vector reproduction. Malaria is one of the most dangerous vector-borne diseases and its impact remains considerable in Côte d'Ivoire. It is the basis of many deaths, but its spatial distribution and risk prediction are challenges that health authorities have difficulty meeting. The objective of this work is to map the areas potentially sensitive to the development of breeding sites and Anopheles nuisance in the city of Yamoussoukro using geomatics techniques. The combined use of satellite images and multi-source data integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) has made it possible to determine the priority intervention zones according to the analysis of the environmental factors which lead to the transmission of malaria in Yamoussoukro. Thus, the processing of satellite images made it possible to extract land cover classes, surface temperature, and surface humidity. The integration of these environmental factors in a GIS using multi-criteria analysis by the AHP method has made it possible to generate malaria risk maps which make it possible to distinguish three levels of risk which are: low risk, medium risk and high risk. Overall, 29.28% of the total area of the city of Yamoussoukro was classified as a high risk area for mosquito breeding. These malaria risk maps could be used to prioritize malaria control measures. Keywords. Remote sensing, GIS, environmental factors, malaria, AHP, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast.

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Mapping of the dynamics of forest cover and evaluation of the processes of fragmentation of the classified forest of the three rivers in the North-East of Benin

 

MOUSSA Abdel Djalilou (1), AROUNA Ousséni (2), SOUFOUYANE Zakari (1), TOKO IMOROU Ismaïla (1)

 

(1) Laboratoire de Cartographie (LaCarto), Institut de Géographie, de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de l’Environnement (IGATE), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.
(2) Laboratoire de Géosciences, de l’Environnement et Applications, Université Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM), Abomey, Bénin.

 

Abstract. The classified forest of Trois Rivières and its periphery (FCTRP) are undergoing strong disturbances. With this in mind, the dynamics of vegetation types were studied by supervised classification under Envi 5.1 of SPOT (2005) and Sentinel 2 (2019) images. ArcGIS 10.5 software was used to map land cover. The changes that occurred were assessed from the transition matrix. Spatial structure indices were determined with Fragstats software. From the different analyses, a reduction of 28% of forest formations in favor of anthropogenic formations was observed. Dense dry forests suffered more degradation with 63% loss, while plantations (70%), fields and fallows (60%) and settlements (52%) experienced more gains. The ongoing transformations in the FCTRP are removal (36%) of patches in natural formations and creation (36%) in anthropogenic formations. The disturbance index (u = 0.58) indicates a predominance of natural formations in 2019, a clear sign that forest cover recovery is still possible if disturbance stops. Keywords. Forest landscapes, Fragmentation, classified forest of Trois Rivières, periphery, Benin.

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Modeling rock falls in Ngaoundéré (Cameroon)

 

NDJEUTO TCHOULI Prosper Innocent (1), FOTSING Marcel Junior (1), MOUHAMAN Issouhou (1), BARDOU Eric (2), TCHOTSOUA Michel (3)

 

(1) Docteur, Laboratoire de géomatique Université de Ngaoundéré
(2) Docteur, Centre de Recherche sur l’Environnement Alpin (CREALP)
(3) Professeur Titulaire des Universités, Université de Ngaoundéré

 

Abstract. The essentially spontaneous growth of the city of Ngaoundéré has as a corollary the occupation of the slopes of the Ngaoundéré and Ngaoundai mountains, thus exposing the populations to the risks of falling boulders. This article assesses the extent of the dangers associated with the falls of some of these boulders. The morpho-pedological data collected and formatted made it possible to simulate their descents using the Rockyfor3D application. The results of this simulation allowed the delineation of the risk sectors, classified into three main sets, according to the energy generated by each block during its descent. The authorities in charge of the development of the city of Ngaoundéré can use these results to strengthen the city's resilience to these natural risks. Key words. Boulder fall, risk, modeling, urban space, Ngaoundéré.

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Health territory and access to health care facilities in garoua (north Cameroon)

 

BASKA TOUSSIA Daniel Valérie (1)

 

(1) Maître de Conférences, Département de Géographie, Université de Maroua-ENS (Cameroun)

 

Abstract. The sanitary planning of the territory aims at ensuring the efficiency of health care system. It makes the provision of care accessible to all by reducing as much as possible inequalities and geographical disparities in health. In Garoua, there are disparities in access to care across health areas and districts. They remain a problem that needs to be clarified. After field observation and surveys of 300 randomly selected households, the results show that the health territory of Garoua is divided into three health districts (Garoua I, Garoua II and Garoua III). It is made up of 59 health facilities (of all categories) unequally distributed. There are 28 health facilities in Garoua I, for 06 health areas, 25 health facilities for 07 health areas in Garoua II and Garoua III has 06 health facilities for 04 health areas. These disparities observed, are explained by socio-demographic, economic, cultural and spatial variables. It is obvious that it's the role of public authorities and their partners in health development to review health planning in order to break down these health inequalities by means of the dynamic decentralisation which is gradually taking place. Key words. Sanitary planning, health territory, accessibility, health inequality, health care, Garoua.

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Influence of climate on grass biomass from 1999 to 2019: case of the rural commune of tamou and tapoa in the department of say/tillaberi in Niger

 

IBRAHIM MOUSSA Saidou (1); SOULEY Kabirou (2); TOTIN V. Henri (3)

 

(1) Département de Géographie et Aménagement du Territoire, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
(2) Département de Géographie, Université de Zinder, Niger
(3) Laboratoire Pierre PAGNEY : Climat, Eau, Ecosystèmes et Développement, Université d’Abomey-Clavi 01

 

Abstract. The objective of this study is to highlight the effects of climate variation on the evolution of biomass in the Rural Commune of Tamou and Tapoa (W biosphere reservoir), Department of Say. To conduct this study, the analysis of climatic parameters (precipitation, humidity and temperature) from 1981 to 2019 and diachronic mapping of biomass status from 1999 to 2019 were conducted. Biomass status was studied at the beginning of the season (May), at the core (August) and at the end of the rainy season (September). Biomass was classified into three categories (high density biomass, medium density biomass and low-density biomass). Nevertheless, the study focused on the first two classes. The results show that precipitation and humidity have decreased and temperatures have increased. The proportion of high-density biomass varies from 43; 47 to 34% in 1999 versus 19; 37 and 29% in 2019. As for the medium density biomass, at the beginning of the season, it remained stable with a rate of 35% in 1999 and 2019. From the heart to the end of the season, it varies respectively from 37 and 33% in 1999 to 27 and 26% in 2019. Keywords. Niger, Say, climate, Biomass, influence.

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Sustainable management of agro-pastoral spaces in the Ngaoundéré 2nd District Municipality: participatory approach coupled with GIS in the localities of Darang and Madem

 

MOUHAMAN Issouhou (1)

 

(1) Doctorant en géographie, université de Ngaoundéré

 

Abstract. Agriculture and livestock are the main income-generating activities in the far north of Cameroon in general, and in the rural area of the Ngaoundere 2nd Subdivisional Council in particular. The peaceful cohabitation of these two activities in the field is a real challenge. In order to manage the available resources in a sustainable manner, a strategy was put in place as part of this study. The methodology used is based on a diagnosis of available agro-pastoral resources and the main difficulties encountered in the agriculture and livestock sectors in the localities of Darang and Madem. In addition, GPS points were taken and land use maps were produced in a participatory manner using high-resolution aerial images. These tools led to the creation of an agropastoral zoning with the involvement of the populations, the main actors in the agropastoral sector, and the administration (Mayor and Sub-Prefect). Thus, 1,635 hectares were delimited and approved by the traditional and administrative authorities (1,047 ha of agricultural zone in Darang, 412 ha of pasture and 176 ha of agricultural zone in Madem). Keywords: Agruculture, Zoning, Participatory Mapping, Darang, Madem

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Public actors of the city of Salé, Moroccan-African: Strategic vision and urban governance

 

OUAZIZ ALI (1)

 

(1) Institut Universitaire des Études Africaines, Euro-Méditerranéennes et Ibéro Américaines à Rabat. Membre du Laboratoire d’Analyse des Systèmes, Traitement de l’Information et du Management Industriel (LASTIMI) Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Maroc. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5628-954X

 

The city of Salé is a strong and important regional center near Rabat, it had a serious development in recent years even if it is still looking for its identity and its place, vis-à-vis Rabat the capital and on the other hand, within the large regional space. This axis seeks to develop the deferent practices and actors of governance, as well as the means of administration and management of the territory of Salé. The rank of Salé and the capital region must be strengthened through the creation of major facilities, by their presence, new major facilities will contribute to developing the image of Salé and increasing its influence; they will make it possible to intensify cultural life, develop the practice of sport and revitalize the economy. Their location in major sites of the conurbation, existing or to be created, will strongly contribute to structuring the urban space and developing the supply of local facilities, which will involve both rebalancing the supply between Rabat and Salé and between the different districts, and to create a new offer, particularly in terms of leisure facilities for young people. The administrative structures responsible for urban management are striking in their diversity and multiplicity. In the territory of the same city coexist wilaya, prefecture or province, municipality and urban community, urban agency and regional inspection of town planning. The multiplication of these institutional mechanisms requires, for their operation, considerable human and financial costs which largely exceed the capacities of the Moroccan State. Hence the difficulties and the slowness with which these territorial systems take shape on the ground, and multiple conflicts of competence between these different actors who dispute the urban field. Three members deserve to be analysed, because of the decisive role they play in the management of the town of Salé :
 The city prefecture ;
 The urban agency (AURS) ;
 The regional town planning inspectorate (IRU);
 Decentralized structure of the city of Salé.
Keywords : City, governance, management, decision, development, urban planning.

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Use of Cellular Automata and the Markov chain for modeling land cover in the downstream watersheds of Lom Pangar

 

NDIKWÉ DOURWÉ Maurice (1), ANABA BANIMB Christian Robert (1), TCHOTSOUA Michel (1)

 

(1) Laboratoire de Géomatique, Université de Ngaoundéré, BP 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroun

 

Abstract. The artificialization of ecosystems has become a major problem that impacts biodiversity around the world. Responding to such a problem requires monitoring land use. In the downstream watersheds of Lom Pangar, the types of land use have been in perpetual dynamics since the 2000s. This dynamic is marked by the combination of several factors which are, among others, the overexploitation of natural resources induced by the water from the Lom Pangar hydroelectric dam in 2015. In this context, decision-making for the rational use of natural resources becomes difficult. In this sense, a study aimed at generating information on the evolution of the types of occupations in the downstream watersheds of Lom Pangar was carried out. The methodological approach consisted in the collection, processing and analysis of geospatial data. It emerges from this study that two (02) main factors are responsible for the dynamics of land use units in this space: the amplification of gold mining and the massive influx of fishermen in the locality of 'Ouami during and after the impoundment of the dam in 2015. It was after the impoundment that the types of land use experienced a considerable regressive dynamic. The average annual rate of change revealed that the land use units from 2013 to 2020 recorded the following values: buildings (21.44); bare ground (49.80); the forest/gallery (-2.52); the wooded savannah (-6.96); shrubby savannah (-1.63); the grassy savanna/field (5.65) and the body of water (47.71). This observation led to the implementation of the modeling of land cover types in 2030 through the CA_Markov algorithm. Thus, the land use units at the local scale will be as follows: the forest/gallery (22.63%); the wooded savannah (19.44%); shrubby savannah (16.78%); grassy savannah/field (0.92%) dead wood patches (9.50%); bare ground (0.29%); buildings (0.29%) and the body of water (30.15%). In this context, the establishment of a management plan becomes an emergency. Key words. Satellite image, Dynamics of land cover types, Modelling, Ouami.

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Urban mobility during peak hours on the right bank of Bamako and in Kalanban-coro

 

TRAORE Binta (1)

 

(1) Faculté d’Histoire et de Géographie (Université des Sciences Sociales et Gestion de Bamako)

 

Abstract. The demographic surge of Bamako and Kalaban Coro, chief town of commune, is reflected by an extension of the city and a consumption of space. This expansion is strong in spontaneous neighborhoods and has an impact on the problem of urban transport. The objective of this study is to understand the shortcomings of the public transport offer during peak hours. The methodology adopted focused on the counting of public transport vehicles and passengers at certain stops on the right bank and at Kalaban-Coro (chief town) during peak hours and on field surveys. The study reveals that demand is not the same during working days and non-working days. Thus during working days from 6 am to 7 pm, we have 36,800 passengers against 19,912 vehicles at the stops and 13,646 passengers against 7,908 vehicles at the terminals. For non-working days we have 14,749 passengers against 8,901 vehicles at the stops and 4,984 passengers against 3,091 vehicles at the terminals. In fact, in Bamako, to meet the need to travel, you need transport infrastructure, and a good organization of public transport. Keywords. Collective transport, rush hour, axes, service lines, terminus.

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Private land developers, customary land holders and anarchic extension of Yaoundé's peripheral areas

 

DJOMO NJOUONANG Harold Gaël (1), TAGNE TATUEBU Claude (1)

 

(1) Université de Yaoundé I

 

Abstract. In the neighborhoods of Yaoundé town, an important land market is developing and involves several actors with varied logics. But, this market is almost entirely under the control of customary owners and private land developers who take advantage of the laxity of the public authorities to develop their practices. The vitality of land tenure in these outlying areas of Yaounde and dictated by customary landowners and private developers is a handicap for development as land issues significantly limit the implementation of community infrastructure. The land is sold to the population without any standard, without any management plan, which leads to an anarchic occupation of peripheral areas. A situation which contributes not only to maintain the precariousness of the dwellings found there, but also to accentuate the socio-spatial inequalities which take as support the level general income of the populations, the status of the grounds, and even also the types materials used in the construction of these dwellings. Keywords. Real estate developers, customary holders, Law enforcement, Peripheral spaces.

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Private land developers, customary land holders and anarchic extension of Yaoundé's peripheral areas

 

TOB-RO N’Dilbé (1); TCHINDEBE Ignabé (2)

 

(1) Maître Assistant, Département de géographie, Université Adam Barka d’Abéché (Tchad) Adresse : B.P : 1173 N’Djaména (Tchad), Pays : Tchad
(2) Géomaticien, Chef de service information géographique, Commune de N’Djaména (Tchad)

 

Abstract. Located in the Chari-Logone interfluve, on clay soils, exposing it to recurrent flooding, the southern part of the city of N'Djamena is under great pressure, subjecting its inhabitants to difficult living conditions. In this context, we set ourselves the objective of identifying/understanding the factors behind the intensification of this urbanization front. To do so, cartographic analyses were conducted to characterize its spatial dynamics. Field observations and interviews with resource persons complete the approach. The results highlight that the lock of the southern extension of the city of N'Djaména, constituted by the Chari River, has been broken since the mid-1980s, but its intensification can be observed from the 2000s. From 2009 to 2020, the sector expanded from 21.56 to 39.12 km2, a gain of 17.56 km2. The location of facilities and the affordable cost of access to land and real estate have contributed to this development. This urbanization is developing at the expense of agricultural areas. Recurrent flooding, cholera epidemics, malfunctions of the two bridges and the insecurity situation caused by inappropriate parking and armed pursuits are the downside of this urbanization. Key words. Spatial dynamics, Chari-Logone interfluve, southern urbanization front, infrastructure and superstructure facilities, land/real estate, N'Djamena.

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Urban planning issues related to urban heat islands in Douala (Cameroon): a historical-geographical modelling approach

 

NKOUANDOU Aboubakar (1); AKOKE ABEM David Xavier (1) ; YUNGSI WIRSIY Destain (1); ATANGANA BAMELA Hyacinthe (1) ; NDAMÈ Joseph Pierre (5)

 

(1) Attaché de Recherches LATIS, INC (Cameroun)
(2) Chargé de Recherches LRVC, INC – LADTER (Cameroun)
(3) Maître de Conférences. LADTER, Université de Ngaoundéré (Cameroun)

 

Abstract. In Cameroon, as elsewhere, the phenomenon of urbanisation is a major fact that contributes to the dynamics of the territories. The resulting economic and demographic dynamics in turn modify the micro-climatic profile of regional urban centres such as Douala and Yaoundé, among others. These observed intra-urban thermal variations lead to the questioning of urban planning issues in the face of a phenomenon that is growing over the years, thanks to geospatial modelling and planning tools, using the city of Douala (Littoral region) as a case study. To do this, the methodological approach takes into account two variables: qualitative (interviews with officials from MINDUH, MINTP, MINDCAF, town halls and 125 households in the city's six districts) and quantitative (based, in part, on satellite imagery in order to extract morphological, thermal and land-use indicators of the site collected over a 50-year period - 1971-2021). The preliminary results reveal a still limited consideration of the UHI phenomenon in urban planning. The accentuation of compact urban practices reinforces a deconstruction of the climatic parameters at the local scale, generating situations of thermal discomfort; disturbances which would be linked to the natural layout of the site, to the modes of construction of the habitat, to the spatial organisation of the city, to the artificialisation of the soil, to the vulnerability of the infrastructures and to the congestions linked to mobility. Nevertheless, the localized development of urban air-conditioning elements such as drains and natural spaces, among others, is necessary in order to associate mitigation and adaptation to the uncomfortable thermal amplitudes in the city of Douala. Key words. Heat islands, vulnerability, modelling, micro-climate, Douala.

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Spatial modeling of the transfer of nitrates to groundwater in an agricultural watershed: Case of Songon (Côte d’Ivoire)

 

KOUAKOU AKPO Sylvain (1); KOFFI Avy Stéphane (2) ; KONE Tiangoua (1); MIAN EBA Germain (1) ; COULIBALY Lacina (1)

 

(1) Laboratoire d’Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA), Université NANGUI ABROGOUA d’Abidjan. Enseignant-Chercheur de spécialité Géosciences et Environnement (Ingénierie Environnementale). 01 BP 801 Abidjan 01
(2) Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly de Korhogo. Enseignant-Chercheur de spécialité Télédétection et SIG. BP 1328

 

Abstract. The strategic role of groundwater in the socio-economic development of Abidjan leads us to study their vulnerability. Specifically, it was to assess the anthropogenic pressure linked to the supply of nitrogen from agricultural activities on the Songon Agricultural Watershed and to draw up the map of the specific vulnerability to pollution of groundwater by nitrates of the watershed. The functionalities offered by geographic information systems have enabled us to develop pollution vulnerability maps based on the methods of indexing and weighting environmental factors using the Susceptibility Index method. In fact, InPrAzot from the study area gives five (05) classes that range from very low with a nitrogen dose of 171,139.4 kg / year to very high with 2,909,369.3 kg / year as nitrogen dose. Also, the vulnerability mapping revealed five (05) vulnerability classes. The very low vulnerability class dominates with 40.28% of the basin area followed by the very high class with 30.20%. The low, medium and high vulnerability classes 6.23%, 7.87%, and 15.42%. It emerges from this study that the level of vulnerability is not alarming given the position of the catchment field. Keywords. Vulnerability, Pollution, Nitrates, Susceptibility Indices, Groundwater, Songon.

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Integration of the cartographic tool in the management of municipal revenues of Agoè-Nyivé 1 in South Togo

 

SINON Kassere (1), NDJEUTO TCHOULI I. P. (2), TCHOTSOUA M. (2)

 

(1) Enseignant à l’École La Madone de la Mairie d’Agoè-Nyivé 1
(2) Université de Ngaoundéré, Laboratoire de Géomatique

 

Abstract. The supply of persistent public services to population specifically that of Agoè-Nyivé 1 municipality, is a major issue for town halls because requiring significant financial resources. The mobilization of financial resources for this purpose is based on outdated methods and/or practices in view of the progress made in ICT and particularly in geomatics. In order to optimize the revenue of the municipality, this study is done to show the contribution of the cartographic tool in solving the difficulties that arise in the mobilization and management of municipal taxes. To succeed, the following methodological approach was followed: an internship at the town hall, collecting and processing data with spatial and non-spatial reference and their implementation in a relational database designed according to the MERISE method. The results of this study, namely the organization of the municipal space into tax collection areas and the development of a relational database named « contribuable_can_1 », confirm the added value of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the decision-making of development actors in the municipality of Agoè-Nyivé 1. Key words. Relational database, GIS, communal recipe, Agoè-Nyivé 1.

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Contribution of geomatics to the monitoring of environmental and social management plans in the South Administrative Region (Cameroon)

 

TCHOUTCHUIE CHEKUIE Georges Patrice (1), FOFIRI NZOSSIÉ Éric Joël (2), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (3), ISSOUHOU Mouhaman (4)

 

(1) Délégation Régionale de l’Environnement, de la Protection de la nature et du Développement Durable pour le Sud (Cameroun)
(2) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie / Chercheur Associé UMR 201 “Développement & Sociétés” IRD-IEDES, BP. 320, Yaoundé (Cameroun)
(3) Université de Dschang, IUT-Fotso Victor de Bandjoun, Département d’informatique
(4) Unité de Formation Doctorale de Géographie, Université de Ngaoundéré, BP 454, Dang, Cameroun

 

Abstract. The monitoring of environmental and social management plans (ESMP), drawn from environmental impact studies and audits, is an important lever for environmental assessment. Approximate monitoring of the measures prescribed in the ESMP contributes to environmental degradation and materialization of the impacts identified on the local populations. In Cameroon, and mainly in the South Region, feedback from field missions highlights a number of difficulties in monitoring the implementation of ESMPs by companies and project managers. These difficulties are due to the lack of tools and procedures put in place by the Ministry in charge of the Environment. From a diagnostic report of the ESMPs of the South Region carried out using geomatics tools, a web application called Surveillance and monitoring of ESMPs (S2-PGES) can be consulted at the address http://pges- project.herokuapp.com/ has been developed. The use of this application for monitoring the ESMPs of the said region reflects its performance in evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency rates of the measures implemented. The S2-PGES is therefore positioned as a tool for evaluating the environmental performance of projects. Key words. ESMP, environmental management, geomatics, hypothetic-deductive method.

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Conception d’un Tableau de Bord Géographique pour la surveillance administrative des Plans de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale au MINEPDED : Cas pilote de la Région de l’Est au Cameroun

 

MENGUE Michèle Odile (1), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (2), ETOUNA Joachim, WADOUFEY Abdel (3), FOFIRI NZOSSIE Éric Joël (1)

 

(1) Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable (MINEPDED)
(2) Université de Dschang, IUT-Fotso Victor de Bandjoun, Département d’informatique
(3) I Love Geomatics
(4) Unité de Formation Doctorale de Géographie, Université de N’Gaoundéré, BP 454, Dang, Cameroun, wadouf@gmail.com

 

Abstract. In Cameroon, the administrative supervision of Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) is governed by Decrees No. 2013/0171/PM and No. 2013/0172/PM of 14 February 2013. It thus concerns the effective implementation of the environmental and social management plan. This administrative monitoring should allow the officials of the Ministry of the Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED), to have a clear and real state of ESMP but this is not the case despite the establishment since 2019 of a platform for putting online the ESMP Called SISPGES. The main objective of this research is to develop a geographic dashboard that presents the GGP in the field with an emphasis on the characteristics that make up each ESMP. By a hypothetic-deductive method based on the formulation of questions, objectives, and research hypotheses and with the help of geomatics, a dashboard has been developed (available at https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/03d82a7798e64158af8b7e77c0037ceb) based on a diagnostic report of the ESMPs of the East Region in Cameroon in function of sector activities. This diagnostic report was implemented in a spataial database. With this dashboard, we have more explanations about ESMP like geographical repartition, and many indicators which describe the situation of each ESMP. We propose that this dashboard was integrated at SISPGES platform and if the dashboard can be made for the others regions. Key words. Administrative monitoring, geographic dashboard, spatial database, Eastern Region.

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Analysis of the environmental changes perceived by the populations and observed and measured in the upper valley of the Bénoué (Northern Cameroon)

 

AOUDOU DOUA Sylvain (1) BAIKARA Markus (1), GARINE Eric (2), RAIMONDChristine (3)

 

(1) Université de Maroua Cameroun
(2) Université de Ngaoundéré Cameroun
(3) Université de Paris Nanterre, France
(4) CNRS, France

 

Abstract. The environmental changes and consequences that affect humanity seem uniform on a global scale, but on a local scale, they are not all perceived and experienced everywhere with the same intensity. This study conducted in the upper Bénoué Valley in Cameroon in a context of high climatic variability, progression of the agricultural pioneer front, and where more than 40% of the area of the territory is protected for its biodiversity, shows that global concerns about about climate change are not perceived as the main problem at the local level. We compared the perception of changes by the populations in their rural territories (semi-structured interviews) with environmental data measured at the station (rainfall) and by remote sensing (land cover from SPOT 2000, 2004 and 2012 images). It appears in the discourse of the locals that they perceive and experience environmental changes: the climate is changing, the human population is growing, you have to walk further and further to collect certain resources, wildlife is becoming scarce. Changes in land use, with in particular the densification of agricultural plots, are a major concern for all stakeholders, whether they are farmers, livestock breeders or protected area managers. This situation is confirmed by the analysis of satellite images which shows an extension of crops threatening the protection systems put in place within the framework of the land use plan (limits of the land, passage corridors for wildlife). Whether we are interested in one or another body of data or in a particular category of actor, it is not possible to consider only climate change without also taking into account anthropogenic factors. In the region studied, two major causes of environmental change have been identified: the climate (shortening of the rainy season, intervening droughts) and population growth. Key words. Environmental change, PNB, Benue, North-Cameroon, Satellite.

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A coupled actor-agent and space approach for the design of business processes and the implementation of intelligent systems for Land planning

 

FOTSING Eric (1), KAKEU TUEKAM Severin (2), KAMENI Eric (3), Désiré (4) et TAPAMO KENFACK Hippolyte (4)

 

(1) Département de Génie Informatique, LAIA laboratory, Institut Universitaire de Technologie Fotso Victor, Université de Dschang
(2) Département de Mathématique et d’Informatique, URIFIA laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Dschang
(3) Department of Computer Science, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université de Yaounde I
(4) Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I

 

Abstract. This article presents an original approach coupling a meta-model of actors, the concept of space and an agent-based architecture to design an organization and implement an intelligent (information) system. The idea underlying this research initiative is to ensure the ergonomics and effectiveness of the software solution by placing the concepts of intelligence and space at the heart of the information system. The approach and models proposed to meet these challenges are at the crossroads between research work on IS design methods, model-driven software architectures and theories developed in spatial and artificial intelligence. The proposed approach is tested and developed on a variety of applications and issues including the sharing of knowledge in a community of practice, the modeling of business processes in organizations and the simulation of the dynamics of changes in the use of space. Keywords. System, organization, architecture, actor, space, agent, knowledge, intelligence.

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GIS and urban flood modeling in Cameroon: an opportunity for flood management in Dschang

 

Raïssa MAFOKOU KENFACK (1), Roméo KEUMO SONGONG (2)

 

(1) Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang
(2) Département de Géographie et Aménagement, Université de Bamenda

 

Abstract. Floods are no longer limited to lowland Cameroonian towns such as Douala (August 2001, June 2007, August 2007, August 2010 and July 2015) or Kribi (1998 and 2011). They are observed more and more in the cities of the highlands and particularly in Dschang (August 2010, September 2014 and August 2017). The recurrence of their occurrence constitutes a major handicap for urban development because of the significant damage recorded. Despite the measures taken by the competent services to eradicate this scourge, the mechanisms of production of floods in this rapidly growing city remain poorly controlled. In view of this distressing observation, how to deal with the growing risk of flooding in a context of accelerated and uncontrolled urbanization? The objective of this research is to show how Geographic Information Systems can be key tools for modeling or even managing floods in urban areas. To demonstrate this, a methodological framework was mobilized which is organized in three stages: identification of the sites where floods occur, a household survey of 220 households in eight of the twenty residential districts of the city, the collection of rainfall and land cover data, water level measurements and additional readings. Based on the tools and techniques of Geographic Information Systems, the results obtained from the analysis of the data collected show that incivility in the urban environment is characterized on the one hand by anarchic constructions, the obstruction of water and drains, the occupation of marshy areas and areas with steep slopes. On the other hand, waterways are transformed into dumping grounds for waste produced in flood-prone areas. Geographic Information Systems have enabled us to draw hazard exposure maps and exposed issues, and thus allow decision-makers to predict floods and organize relief. Keywords. GIS, Modeling, Management, Flood, Urban Environment, Dschang, Cameroon.

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Contribution of a Web-GIS to improving the visibility and Branding of Cameroon's tourist offer in the context of globalization: case of the city of Dschang and its surroundings

 

KAFFO Célestin (1) & EBOGO Madeleine Mimosette (1)

 

(1) Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang

 

Abstract. Tourism is increasingly occupying a place of choice in the major economies of the world. Cameroon in this perspective has significant tourist resources which have earned it the name of "Africa in miniature" whose highlighting would inevitably contribute to its socio-economic development. But for more than five decades, Cameroon has been struggling to become a real tourist destination despite all the efforts made by the government and professionals in the tourism sector. In addition to the cyclical and structural constraints, a thorough analysis of the situation presents the inefficiency of traditional promotional media as one of the vectors of the lack of adequate visibility and branding of Cameroon's tourist offer on the world tourist market. However, in the context of globalization and in the face of technological advances, the need for accurate, up-to-date and real-time tourist information is imperative. From this context emerges the question of how to improve this visibility for more competitiveness on the world tourist market ? The objective of this study is to show the contribution of a Web-GIS to improving the visibility and Branding of Cameroon's tourist offer through the case of the city of Dschang in Western Cameroon. The methodological approach used to achieve this objective mobilizes the capitalization of data from the experiences of major world tourist destinations as well as field data collected and processed using the appropriate tools and software (Win Desing, PostgreSQL/Pos GIS, XAMP, WordPress and Mapptizer V.13.03). The use of tools and techniques of Geographic Information Systems leads to three main results : (1) the constitution of a spatial database presenting the tourist offers and their characteristics, (2) the establishment of a Web -GIS as well as (3) the creation of a website to make visible and facilitate the Branding of the various tourist attractions. This device will allow tourists to access vital information for the choice of their destination in real time. Based on the above, Geographic Information Systems are therefore an important tool for presenting and branding the tourist offer of the city of Dschang and its surroundings in the context of globalization. They provide a very important global vision for the analysis, the management of the quality of service, the communication and the tourist promotion. They also allow better communication between these different actors (public and private) and organizations (Tourist Office, Travel Agencies) in charge of tourism in order to sell their tourist products as well as possible. The tourist and spatial database put in place proves to be a tool for understanding the territories, their state and their evolution in an environment where the tourist market is increasingly competitive. Key words. Web-GIS, tourist offer, Branding, globalization, Dschang, Cameroon.

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Health provision in refugee camps, returnee sites and host villages in southern Chad: inventory and health challenges

 

NADJITOINGAR DJEKOMBE Fabien (1), DJIMOUKO Sabine (2), TCHOTSOUA Michel (3)

 

(1) Doctorant en géographie, Université de Ngaoundéré, département de Géographie
(2) Docteure en géographie, Enseignante chercheure, département de Géographie, Université de Moundou
(3) Professeur Titulaire des Universités, Département de Géographie, Université de Ngaounderé

 

Abstract. The world continues to experience forced displacement due to insecurity and conflict. Southern Chad hosts 118,168 refugees and 77,650 Chadian returnees (UNHCR, July 2021) who fled the violence between 2003, 2014, 2018 and the end of December 2020 in the Central African Republic. The objective of this article is to make an inventory of the influx of Central African refugees and Chadian returnees from the CAR, mapping of humanitarian actors and discussing a typology of the various humanitarian actors, to analyze their role and their field of action and finally to analyze the basic health offer in refugee camps, returnee sites and host villages. To achieve this objective, we used a methodological apparatus that revolves around documentary research, observation, sampling, field survey, processing and analysis of data collected. Field data collected in refugee camps, returnee sites, and host villages as well as health data are entered and analyzed in SPSS 20.0 and Excel. The results obtained indicate that there are more needs for healthy populations but the medical responses provided are weak. Access to health care is limited by financial and geographic constraints, and insufficient human resources. There is also poor patient care due to the shortage of drugs and inputs in health structures and the level of equipment deemed too low to cope with this influx. Key words. Refugees, returnees, offers of health services, medical/paramedical services.

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Inter-seasonal rainfall variability and agricultural activities in the Magoumay and Tchabawol terroirs (Bogo, Far North Cameroon)

 

MANGA Pierre (1) et GANOTA Boniface (2)

 

(1) Département de Géographie. Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Maroua
(2) Département de Géographie. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Maroua

 

Abstract. Food security has long been considered a given in the rural area until the time when climatic disturbances come to influence agricultural activities in the Far North of Cameroon. Through documentary research, field surveys of a sample of 100 farmers and heads of agricultural posts, and the analysis of rainfall data over 30 years, the effects of rainfall variability on agricultural activities have been analysed. The results obtained reveal that frequent rainfall disturbances characterized the years 2002, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019 which are less rainy years with an annual average rainfall not exceeding 600mm. The year 2017 is also very deficient with a rainfall of less than 400mm. The analysis of the K3 coefficient shows the trend towards an increase in the irregularity of the rains. It varies from 1.4662539 to 2.3357509 between the first decade and the third. Consequently, the cultivation of Sorghum under rain and dry season Sorghum whose average yields per hectare were 2 tons varies from 0.8 to 1T/ha for Sorghum under rain and from 0.4 to 0.5T/ha for dry season sorghum. As for maize, the yield goes from more than 1T/ha under the exceptional rainfall conditions observed in 2012 to less than 0.5T/ha under the current conditions of rainfall deficits. In view of this situation, promotion actions in terms of agricultural input allocations, technical assistance and securing of these activities should be set up by local leaders, public authorities in order to allow the survival of agriculture, which feeds not only the rural population but also the urban centres. Key words. Rainfall variability, Agricultural activity, Terroirs, Far North Cameroon.

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Mobile learning aid smart tutor for educational continuity in times of COVDID’19: Case of English language learning

 

FOTSING Janvier (1),(2), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (3), MBADJOIN NJINGANG Theodore (2)

 

(1) Laboratoire LARIMANS, Département de Physique, Université de Buea, Cameroun
(2) Laboratoire Bien-être, Organisations, Numérique, Habitabilité, Education, Universalité, Relation, Savoirs (BONHEURS) – EA 7517, Ecole Mutation et Apprentissage (EMA), Cergy Paris Université, France
(3) Laboratoire d’Informatique Appliquée (LIA), Département de Génie Informatique, IUT Fotso Victor Bandjoun, Université de Dschang, B.P. 134, Bandjoun, Cameroun

 

Abstract. The health crisis facing the world has had a great impact on the world's population by changing some of our daily habits. It has affected many sectors such as education and to overcome the negative impacts created by this pandemic, states have adopted resilience measures based on teleworking, distance learning, social networks and distance learning platforms. The aim of this article is to integrate an intelligent tutor to help learning in order to ensure pedagogical continuity in times of COVID’19. By relying on the 3G+ network of a mobile operator, we have integrated a Value Added Service (VAS), centered around the activity of an intelligent tutor assisting learners in learning the English language. This solution allows learners to subscribe to the service via the mobile operator's network and access educational resources under the guidance of our intelligent tutor from the various access terminals. Keywords. Smart tutor, VAS, pedagogical continuity, COVID’19, 3G+ network.

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The mental health of teachers and distance learners in the context of Covid-19

 

AZAHRI Redouane (1); EL BATMI Jihane Mariame (2)

 

(1) Doctorant. Faculté d’Economie et de Gestion. Université Hassan1 – Maroc
(2) Doctorante FSJES d’Agadir. Université d’Ibn ZOHR. Agadir. Maroc

 

Abstract. The purpose of this contribution is to find out how distance learning influences teaching practices, in an unexpected context of covid-19, among teachers and students. To this end, we chose a secondary school qualifying. To test our hypotheses, due to drastic health protocol measures, we based ourselves on a questionnaire approach intended for teachers working in the establishment. Our results show that in the context of Covid-19, if distance education is a technopedagogical response to the problems of course monitoring. This device does, however, have an impact on the state of health of teachers and students. On the one hand, EAD in the school education system is new. This is explained by a generation of teachers who have difficulty in appropriating ICT tools. On the other hand, students (Generation Y) make massive use of ICT to learn. Finally, the development of a hybrid (phygital) approach is a central objective for the various players in the educational sphere. Keywords. Distance learning, Mental Health, Covid-19, high school.

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Open and Distance Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa : the case of the GAGER Masters at the University of Ngaoundéré

 

TCHOTSOUA Michel (1), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (2), FENDJI Jean Louis (3), ANABA BANIMB Christian Robert (4)

 

(1) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie, Laboratoire de Géomatique
(2) Université de Dschang, IUT-Fotso Victor de Bandjoun, Département d’informatique
(3) Université de Ngaoundéré, IUT, Département d’Informatique
(4) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie, Laboratoire de Géomatique

 

Abstract. In a context of natural enclavement with very limited qualified human resources, it is possible to offer quality international training using digital channels and technologies. This lesson learned or experience-sharing article aims to disseminate the experience gained on the establishment and operation of the first online master's degree in the northern part of Cameroon: the Master of Geomatics, Land and Resources Managment (GLRM). This master's degree, created in 2010, is now supported by the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) and the REAMOOC projet as far as experiences are concerned. Keywords. Platform, Africa, Moodle, Geomatics, E- Learning.

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Development of a geoportal to improve the dissemination of information on a development project, case of the AgriFARM Upper and Middle Guinea project, Republic of Guinea

 

DIALLO Abdourahmane Daly (1)

 

(1) Responsable Système d’Information Géographique et Aménagement durable de bassin versant, projet Agriculture Familiale Résilience et Marché (AgriFARM), FIDA

 

Abstract. In Guinea, development projects integrated the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for planning and decision-making support around the 2000s. The Family Agriculture Resilience and Markets (AgriFARM) project is a project of Guinean government, jointly funded by IFAD, OFID and BADEA. It has a GIS linked to the Monitoring and Evaluation System. The project aims to disseminate information based on the spatial dimension and the Internet for access to the general public. This is why the choice of the theme "Development of a geoportal to improve the dissemination of information, case of the AgriFARM project". To achieve this, field and laboratory work is carried out either for the acquisition, processing of data, their integration into a database and a cartographic server for publication. Then a web platform is developed on the basis of specifications drawn up and taking into account user expectations. Eventually, the complete mapping of the project planning is done and integrated into a GIS database. Relevant information is selected for dissemination. The designed geoportal presents all the classic functions of interactive cartography. It is accessible to the general public on the internet at the address https://geo-agrifarm.com. Key words. Geoportal, visibility, AgriFARM project, Upper and Middle Guinea.

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Leveraging on open source satellite data and Machine Learning for forest Management

 

OKELLO Peter (1)

 

(1) Kenya Space Agency

 

Abstract. Project MIDST (Monitoring for Information and Decisions using Space Technology) is an initiative by The Kenya Space Agency that seeks to support the National and County Government institutions in addressing the gaps and challenges highlighted in the assessment report on hardware, software, human resource and spatial data. The aim of the project is to use Google Earth Engine to develop various Earth Observation products and applications, with stakeholders, that could be used to achieve certain goals within their mandate. Natural resource management is one of the application areas for the project which focuses on monitoring of forest cover and change in the Aberdares range forest, Kenya. KSA in collaboration with other institutions involved in the management of forests formed a technical team that worked on producing the products necessary for forest monitoring. These institutions included; Kenya Forest Service (KFS), Directorate of Resources Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS), Ministry of Defence (Environmental Soldier), Water Resources Authority (WRA), UN Food and Agriculture Organization (UN-FAO), Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT). The project used Google Earth Engine to process and conduct analysis of the products. Sentinel imagery with 10m spatial resolution for the years 2016 and 2020 were considered as the source data. Cloud free composite images were obtained and processed using a supervised classification algorithm. The deliverables of the project were landcover maps, forest non-forest maps and statistical information on the area coverage for the region of interest. Putting into consideration the IPCC classes, the landcover classes that were captured comprised of Forest class (natural forest, plantation forest and bamboo forest), cropland class, and grassland class (open grassland and wooded grassland). This project determined that Aberdares forest covers 225,738 hectares of land. In 2020, 71% of this land was under forest cover (natural, plantation and bamboo) while the remaining 29% was covered by the other landcover classes (cropland, open grassland and wooded grassland). Whereas in 2016, 69% of this land was covered by forest while the remaining 31% was under non forest landcover. This indicated that there has been an increase of 2% in forest cover for the study period in the Aberdares range forest. The exercise achieved a classification accuracy assessment of 88.27% with a kappa value of 0.85619. The project therefore illustrated the use of remote sensing technologies to monitor forest coverage and transformations over the years to assist the country’s forest conservation and management process. In addition, the project has demonstrated how various institutions can work together and synergize efforts in the delivery of better and more end-to-end products. Key words: Earth Observation, MIDST, Google Earth Engine (GEE), Land cover, Accuracy assessment.

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Catalyzing Research in the Earth Observation Sector in Kenya

 

KIRUI Joy Cherono (1)

 

(1) Kenya Space Agency

 

Abstract. The Space industry has evolved over the years and is among the fastest-growing industries in the world, creating innovations and job opportunities every day. Space technology plays a critical role in the support of socio-economic development and data-driven decision-making. In developing countries, space technology has the potential to foster development and advancement in higher education, science, technology, research and innovation. As a developing country, Kenya is keen on tapping into this potential. In line with this, the Research Grant (RG) Programme was developed. The purpose of the RG program is to catalyze and promote research in Space Science and Technology in Kenya‘s local universities as well as build our human capacity in these disciplines. The program also intends to contribute to Kenya’s socio-economic development by building linkages between academia and the industry. The program was introduced in the year 2020-2021 as the 1st cycle. To continue to intensify capacity development and to increase the number of practitioners in the space sector, a second round of the RG Program was developed in two project areas; development of a 3U Nanosatellite Model and Small-Scale Crop Mapping using Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning- Four institutions were awarded USD 5,000 each. The agricultural sector is the backbone of Kenya’s economy, contributing to approximately 30% of the GDP. Kenya’s agriculture is predominantly done in small-scale and is carried out on farms averaging less than a hectare, mostly for subsistence. The Kenya Space Agency strategic plan for 2020-2025 envisions the use of satellite data and technology in informing the decision-making process. Crop mapping using Remote Sensing data is one of the most effective ways in estimating the crop area, crop yields and to assess the food security situation in the country, more especially with regards to the small-scale farming. This data, however, requires reasonably high processing techniques with complex mathematical processes which can be realized by using Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) techniques. The main focus in this project is to explore how AI/ML can be trained to automatically learn and extract information from data by computational and statistical methods. As an emerging Space fairing Nation, the RG programme is the first program of its kind to promote research and innovation in the Space sector and nurture local talent by working with academia. The programme has resulted in innovations that have benefitted the community and created awareness of Space-related applications. A key takeaway from the programme is that the institutions required additional capacity building and mentorship during the project period. A recommendation would be to invest more in the programme by incorporating technical and financial partners from the private sector. Key words. Earth Observation, Crop mapping, Academia, Grant, Kenya.

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