Abstracts of presentations
Abstracts titles
- Session 1. Geomatics and land use planning
- Contribution of GIS to the characterization of physiographic parameters of surface runoff control in three sub-watersheds of the Mandara Mountains (Far North Cameroon)
- Geographic Information System and analysis of accessibility to basic social structures in the rural communes of the Bamboutos department (West-Cameroon)
- Drone and quickbird data: What uses for local development planning in Baboné (Cameroon)
- Changes in the vegetation cover in the Zamay reserve in the Far North of Cameroon and the role of anthropogenic actions
- The mapping of shopping in the city of Yaounde
- Développement d’une application web cartographique pour l’accès aux informations géospatiales sur le Tourisme au Cameroun
- Applied geographic information systems (GIS) and territorial governance of solid waste: case of the municipality of Saint-Louis in Senegal
- Session No. 2 (a). Geomatics, resource exploitation and management
- Stratégies de gestion du risque d’inondation dans la ville de Diffa (Niger)
- From time uncertainties to resilient farming practices in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon
- Implementation of spatial data collection mobile digital tool for better management of bertoua urban territory (East-Cameroon)
- Lutte contre la dégradation des sols et la désertification dans l’Extrême-Nord du Cameroun à travers une application web cartographique utilisant des outils opensource
- A look at the landscape integration process in the new urban centre of Diamniadio in Senegal
- Phenology of woody species preserved in the savannah and evolution of environments modified by anthropic activity. The example of the savannahs of North-East Ivorian
- Un cadre générique orienté service pour les applications SIG dédié à la communauté de recherche sur l’utilisation des terres
- Remote sensing, GIS and study of the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use on the landscape of Mount Cameroon, South-West Region Cameroon
- Characterization of the effects of the metropolisation of Douala on the city of Dibombari by remote sensing and GIS
- Contribution of geomatics to the mapping of areas at risk of malaria transmission in the city of Yamoussoukro (Central Ivory Coast)
- Session No. 2 (b). Geomatics, resource exploitation and management
- Mapping of the dynamics of forest cover and evaluation of the processes of fragmentation of the classified forest of the three rivers in the North-East of Benin
- Modeling rock falls in Ngaoundéré (Cameroon)
- Health territory and access to health care facilities in garoua (north Cameroon)
- Influence of climate on grass biomass from 1999 to 2019: case of the rural commune of tamou and tapoa in the department of say/tillaberi in Niger
- Sustainable management of agro-pastoral spaces in the Ngaoundéré 2nd District Municipality: participatory approach coupled with GIS in the localities of Darang and Madem
- Public actors of the city of Salé, Moroccan-African: Strategic vision and urban governance
- Use of Cellular Automata and the Markov chain for modeling land cover in the downstream watersheds of Lom Pangar
- Session No. 2 (c). Geomatics, resource exploitation and management
- Urban mobility during peak hours on the right bank of Bamako and in Kalanban-coro
- Private land developers, customary land holders and anarchic extension of Yaoundé's peripheral areas
- Analysis of the occupation of the Chari-Logone interfluve in the city of N'Djaména, Chad
- Urban planning issues related to urban heat islands in Douala (Cameroon): a historical-geographical modelling approach
- Spatial modeling of the transfer of nitrates to groundwater in an agricultural watershed: Case of Songon (Côte d’Ivoire)
- Integration of the cartographic tool in the management of municipal revenues of Agoè-Nyivé 1 in South Togo
- Contribution of geomatics to the monitoring of environmental and social management plans in the South Administrative Region (Cameroon)
- Design of a Geographic Dashboard for the administrative monitoring of Environmental and Social Management Plans at MINEPDED: Pilot case of the East Region in Cameroon
- Analysis of the environmental changes perceived by the populations and observed and measured in the upper valley of the Bénoué (Northern Cameroon)
- Session No. 2 (d). Geomatics, resource exploitation and management
- Une approche couplée acteur-agent et espace pour la conception des processus métiers et l’implémentation des systèmes intelligents pour l’aménagement du territoire
- GIS and urban flood modeling in Cameroon: an opportunity for flood management in Dschang
- Contribution of a Web-GIS to improving the visibility and Branding of Cameroon's tourist offer in the context of globalization: case of the city of Dschang and its surroundings
- Health provision in refugee camps, returnee sites and host villages in southern Chad: inventory and health challenges
- Inter-seasonal rainfall variability and agricultural activities in the Magoumay and Tchabawol terroirs (Bogo, Far North Cameroon)
- Session No. 3. Digital Technologies and Education
- Mobile learning aid smart tutor for educational continuity in times of COVDID’19: Case of English language learning
- The mental health of teachers and distance learners in the context of Covid-19
- Open and Distance Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of the GAGER Masters at the University of Ngaoundéré
- Development of a geoportal to improve the dissemination of information on a development project, case of the AgriFARM Upper and Middle Guinea project, Republic of Guinea
- Tirer parti des données satellitaires open source et de l’apprentissage automatique pour la gestion des forêts
- Catalyser la recherche dans le secteur de l’observation de la Terre au Kenya
Abstracts
Contribution of GIS to the characterization of physiographic parameters of surface runoff control in three sub-watersheds of the Mandara Mountains (Far North Cameroon)
HALIMASSIA EMINA (1), KOSSOUMNA LIBA’A Natali (2), GANOTA Boniface (3), BASKA TOUSSIA Daniel Valérie (4), DJIBRILLA Paul (5), DZEUFACK DJOUMESSI Gaëtan Arthur (6)
1) Doctorant / Université de Maroua
2) Professeur des Universités / Université de Maroua
3) Maître de conférences / Université de Maroua
4) Maître de conférences / Université de Maroua
5) Assistant / Université de Maroua
6) Doctorant / Université de Yaoundé I
Abstract. This work shows the potential of geographic information systems (GIS) for the evaluation of the physiographic characteristics which condition the surface flow of three mountain sub-basins namely the SBV of Mayo Mandia and Zamay located on the foothills and the SBV of Moutfoum located on the plateau of a watershed which condition the surface flow. The processing of DTMs from 30 m resolution SRTM images using GIS has led to the extraction of the various sub-basins, the creation and construction of thematic maps and the automatic calculation of a multitude of physiographic parameters (size, shape, slope, drainage density, etc.) for each sub-basin (characteristics of shape, relief, and hydrographic network). The objective of this work is to highlight the weight of these different parameters on the flow of surface water. The correlation between these physiographic variables and some parameters which characterize this flow shows that these steep slopes induce torrential flows with a more moderate runoff speed at the level of the plateau (1.36 m / s for the Mayo Moutfoum) and the flows are more intense on the piedmonts of 2.78 m / s and 2.11 m / s respectively for the Mayo Mandia and the Mayo Zamay. Keywords. GIS, DEM, Physiographic characteristics, watershed, surface runoff
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Geographic Information System and analysis of accessibility to basic social structures in the rural communes of the Bamboutos department (West-Cameroon)
YEMELONG TEMGOUA Nadine (1)
(1) Chargée de Cours, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Bamenda (Nord-Ouest du Cameroun), travail effectué dans le cadre d’un stage à l’Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgique), Juin-Décembre 2018
Abstract. Dating back to the colonial era, the decentralisation process in Cameroon began to take shape with the constitutional revision of 18 January 1996. In this movement, each council is called upon to gather the necessary tools for its development. However, rural councils are sometimes confronted with several problems, including the lack of tools for managing their infrastructures. This study aims to show how open source GIS can contribute to studying the accessibility of populations to basic social structures related to education, health and potable water. The methodology used is based on the analysis of the distance to the nearest social structure. Spatial and attribute data relating to basic social structures were collected in the councils of Babadjou, Batcham and Galim. The data processing resulted in the creation of distance surface maps around these structures. The results show that, overall, a large majority of the population can access a social structure on foot within one hour, but when other factors such as the type of structure are taken into account, the proportion with access decreases considerably. Because of their efficiency and affordability, open source GIS are positioned as tools to study the accessibility of local populations to social structures. By using these tools, decision-makers will now have the possibility to do better planning in the territories they are responsible for as foreseen in the decentralisation process. Keywords. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), decentralisation, local development, social structures.
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Drone and quickbird data: What uses for local development planning in Baboné (Cameroon)
NDJOUNGUEP Jusacar (1), MEDIEBOU Chindji (1), POUABE Lucien (2)
(1) Géographe, chercheur, Université de Yaoundé I
(2) Topographe, Gloval Map and Survey Engeniering
Abstract. Mapping is an indispensable tool in the management and development of the territory. It is a basis for a better dimensioning of works and the facilitation of land allotments in rural areas. The aim of this article is to draw up a map of the state of the land use, equipment and infrastructure. To achieve this, we have proceeded to cross-reference cartographic, photogrammetric, satellite and Ground Control Point (GCP) data in order to propose better decision-making tools. The results show, on the one hand, thematic maps (topographic, land use, infrastructure) produced on the basis of the cross-referencing of the above data. On the other hand, a database of GCPs that have been implemented and observed from Geolocation and Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The maps obtained allow the updating of the topographic maps produced in Cameroon in the early 1980s. They allow the design of a database for a better sizing of the infrastructures and the follow-up of the densification of the geodetic network on the territory. Keywords. Drone, Quickbird, rural land, local development, database.
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Changes in the vegetation cover in the Zamay reserve in the Far North of Cameroon and the role of anthropogenic actions
TSIMI EBOLO Armand (1), Remi JIAGHO (2), ETOUNA Joachim (3), Éric FOTSING (4)
(1) Université de Ngaoundéré, Laboratoire de Géomatique
(2) Université de Yaoundé 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure
(3) ONG I Love Geomatic. Yaoundé
Université de Dschang, IUT Victor Fotso de Bandjoun
Abstract. La présente étude pose le problème de l’impact de l’accroissement de la population réfugiée sur la végétation ligneuse de la réserve forestière de Zamay. L’objectif principal est d’évaluer l’impact de l’afflux des réfugiés sur la dynamique du couvert végétal. La démarche adoptée se fonde sur les observations de terrain, les entretiens auprès des autorités de gestion de la réserve ainsi que des chefs traditionnels, et des enquêtes menées auprès des populations environnantes. Il s’est aussi agi d’exploiter les images satellitaires en effectuant une classification hiérarchisée des zones d’occupations. Les résultats issus de cette étude montrent qu’entre 2000 et 2013, la forêt a régressé de 42,7% à 29,2% et qu’entre 2013 et 2021, elle a connu une nette progression en passant de 29,2% à 33,3% de son couvert végétal. Les conséquences de la perte du couvert forestier observée avant 2003 s’est traduite par l’extension des zones de cultures et les conséquences sont d’ordre biophysiques (l’érosion hydrique, l’érosion éolienne), et socio-économiques. La reprise observée après 2013 peut s’expliquer par les actions entreprises pour minimiser la régression du couvert végétal à savoir : la multiplication des postes d’observations et le recours à la surveillance intensive par les gardes forestiers. Pour une gestion plus durable et contrôlée de la réserve forestière de Zamay, nous recommandons un zonage de l’espace et l’utilisation de la géomatique et en particulier la télédétection et les SIG pour l’aménagement et le suivi continu. Key words. Vegetation cover, refugees, remote sensing, GIS, Zamay.
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The mapping of shopping in the city of Yaounde
ELOUNA Boris (1), MEDIEBOU CHINDJI (2)
(1) Master en cartographie, Université de Yaoundé I
(2) Chargée de cours, Université de Yaoundé I
Abstract. Many urban crises are linked to the difficulty of identifying from a map an urban layout where one can find: the shopping street, the food market, the supermarket sector. The objective of this article is to present the steps of the method used to map the layout of the shoppings of the Yaoundé Urban Community (CUY). To achieve this, we collected GPS data (geographic coordinates) and photographs, non-spatial data (item references, item prices and gender) in order to process and implement them. The result is a database, a digital shopping mall map and a recommendation system. Thus, the mapping of the urban development of the city of Yaoundé is necessary based on the tools of Geomatics Cartography, Urban Community, Shoppings, geomatics, city of Yaoundé.
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Développement d’une application web cartographique pour l’accès aux informations géospatiales sur le Tourisme au Cameroun
FOTSO Clarice (1), TONGO Landry (1), SENOUA César (1) et VOURNONE Marcellin (1)
(1) National institute of cartography, P.O. Box 157 Yaoundé, Cameroon, claricefotso@yahoo.fr
Abstract. Le Cameroun est connu comme l’Afrique en miniature et a donc un grand potentiel touristique. Vue le faible niveau d’exploitation de cette richesse, l’Etat du Cameroun s’est engagé depuis 2010 au réaménagement des sites, des voies d’accès et des lieux de loisirs. Pour une action efficace et efficiente diffusion de son offre touristique, une application de cartographie web a été mise en place en 2012. Cependant, il n’a pas pu être publiée en raison d’un certain nombre de lacunes, notamment l’utilisation d’une échelle mono carte au 1:500 000 et le manque d’interactivité avec la carte. Dans cet article, nous proposons une amélioration version de cette application et grâce à un processus de développement logiciel, une nouvelle plate-forme a été implémenté et permet sur le fond de carte multi-échelle OSM, un accès interactif aux offres touristiques sur Cameroun en fournissant des informations descriptives et des photos illustratives sur demande. Key words. Web mapping, map, tourism, interactivity, Cameroon
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Applied geographic information systems (GIS) and territorial governance of solid waste: case of the municipality of Saint-Louis in Senegal
SARR Khalifa Ababacar (1)
(1) CEO http://iga.sn/ | Groupe TELOPHASECEO du Cabinet IGA SARL
Abstract. The city of Saint-Louis is currently confronted with many constraints combined with an amphibious site unfavorable to a large-scale human settlement like an eccentric and landlocked character in the north of the country, economic dynamism hampered by the crisis of its main sector of activity (fishing), particularly degraded urban setting, in particular due to the proliferation of waste, threatened and restrictive natural site. There is a high production of waste in the municipality; 104,866 kg of waste produced per day, i.e. 104.866 tonnes of waste; i.e. 6816.29 tonnes produced per year. The characterization of the waste was carried out in 2014 by the UCG, after finding that most of the waste is made up of fine materials (sand), plastic (light and hard) and organic materials (food residue). The municipality of Saint-Louis has a street sweeping system managed by the municipal authority. The sweeping is done at the level of 22 arteries (streets and avenues) on a linear of 21.778 km. This system has benefited from the support of the Priority Cleanliness Program (3P) of the Waste Management Coordination Unit, in its sustainability phase. We have developed an applied Geographic Information System to better manage the waste collection and management activity. For greater efficiency, it will be necessary to recruit and train three technical agents in the use of this geographical database with spatial reference. Database, Urban Waste, Governance, Saint Louis, Senegal, Geographic Information System.
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Stratégies de gestion du risque d’inondation dans la ville de Diffa (Niger)
KIARI FOUGOU Hadiza (1), DAMBO Lawali (2), LAWANE BOUKAR Mahamadou (3)
(1) Géographe, Enseignante-chercheure, Maître-Assistante à l’Université de Diffa
(2) Géographe, Enseignante-chercheure, Maître de Conférences à l’Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey
(3) Master Géographie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey
Abstract. Since the floods of 2012, the city of Diffa has faced the phenomenon of recurrent floods, which is due to the overflows of the Komadougou Yobé. The objective of this work is to analyze the main factors of this flood and the strategies used to fight against it. Most of the data was collected from official data provided by the technical services, supplemented by field surveys based on individual interviews and surveys by administered questionnaires from heads of household. In this work, the choice of these three districts, namely : Diffa Koura, Sabon Carré and Festival, is explained by the recurrence of the flooding phenomenon. Data collection was carried out with 45 people, including 14 women and 31 men, with a proportion of 31.1% women against 68.9% men. The analysis of the result obtained shows that the overflow of the Komadougou Yobé River, the occupation of risk areas by the population, silting, failure to control the flooding of this river upstream (in Nigeria) and climate change are the main factors of the floods recorded in the city of Diffa. The observation and analysis of satellite images, the map of flood-prone areas and risk areas have made it possible to determine the aggravating factors of these floods. The analysis of the topographic profile across, the slope, the degradation of the vegetation cover of the watershed, further indicated the amplifying factors of these floods in the city of Diffa. It was found through this study a gradual increase in the damage and damage caused by the 2019 river flood in Diffa. This negative progression of the damage is explained by the insufficiency of the tools and institutional mechanisms for the prevention and management of floods that the State and its partners should put in place. However, the most used strategy is that of the earthen dyke. Notwithstanding, the solutions provided by local authorities, technical services and development partners for better risk management in the city of Diffa, much effort is still needed. Key words. Komadougou Yobé, floods, risks, management, strategies, Diffa.
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From time uncertainties to resilient farming practices in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon
FOFIRI NZOSSIE Eric Joël (1), WAKPONOU Anselme (2), TEMPLE Ludovic (3-4)
(1) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie / Chercheur associé UMR 201 « Développement & Sociétés » IRD-IEDES, BP. 320, Yaoundé (Cameroun)
(2) Université de Bertoua, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS). BP. 652, Bertoua (Cameroun)
(3) Cirad, UMR Innovation, F-34398 Montpellier, France, ludovic.temple@cirad.fr
(4) INNOVATION, Univ Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
Abstract. In the Cameroonian Sudano-Sahelian region, the rainfall irregularities, floods and recurrent droughts make agricultural activities more precarious, which is still too much linked to natural data. The aim of this article is to show that in the face of the vicissitudes of climate change, farmers are multiplying new experiences in their daily activities to ensure their survival. These experiments concern the management of runoff water and soil moisture, the selection of varieties and the adoption of crops resistant to water stress, the conquest of new agricultural fronts, the creation and use of artificial ponds reveal the capacity of local societies to cope with climate shocks by going beyond simple adaptation practices to resilient behavior. Keys words: Agriculture, Adaptation, Strategy, resilience, Cameroon.
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Implementation of spatial data collection mobile digital tool for better management of bertoua urban territory (East-Cameroon)
PETNGA NYAMEN Simon Pierre (1), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (2), AMOUGOU Jeanne Laure Viviane (3) et LABE YADIA Yveline (3)
(1) Chargé de Cours, Université de Bertoua, ENS de Bertoua, Département de Géographie
(2) Chargé de Cours, Université de Dschang, IUT de Bandjoun, Département d’Informatique
(3) PLEG d’Informatique, option : Technologie de l’Information et de la Communication
Abstract. The issue of local development is closely linked to that of land and estate law, as planning involves land management. Moreover, it has not escaped the Cameroonian legislator that the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities (DTCs) must have secure lands for the realisation of their various planning and development projects. This is the raison why, the laws relating to Regions and Municipalities transfer to them, competences in the field of urban planning, territorial development and urban planning. In addition, these texts define the general framework for the appropriation and/or use of land belonging to the private estate of the State, the public estate and the national estate. However, the problem is that almost all of Cameroon's DTCs do not have a good command of their entire territory, because they do not have a Geographic Information System (GIS). The areas of competence of these DTCs are therefore poorly known, which hinders the control of local land resources. The current world (21st Century) is resolutely turned towards digital technology, which offers powerful and adequate tools for the management of spatially referenced information. This paper is part of the e-governance issue in Africa, it is a contribution to the improvement of land management of local communities in Cameroon, based on a test carried out in the city of Bertoua. Its main objective is to present the methodological approach used to design and operationalize of a mobile digital tool for the characterisation of urban land for better decision-making. Key words. Mobile tool, Geographic Information System, Decentralized Territorial Collectivities, Land management, Bertoua.
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Lutte contre la dégradation des sols et la désertification dans l’ExtrêmeNord du Cameroun à travers une application web cartographique utilisant des outils opensource
WADOUFEY Abbel (1), MOHAMADOU Yakouda (1), NAMEKONG DAGHA Sinclair (1)
(1) Research Assistant, National Institute of Cartography, Cameroun
Abstract. Afin de lutter efficacement contre la dégradation des sols et la désertification dans l’Extrême-Nord du Cameroun, une approche écologique appelée ReviTec® a été mise en place à travers un site expérimental. Les activités de ReviTec nécessitent de disposer les informations sur les plantes spatialement reparties dans les sites d’expériences. Au vu de la gestion des données à référence spatiale sur les plantes dans les sites d’expériences, les chercheurs de ReviTec® se rendent compte de la difficulté à collecter et à analyser ces données alors qu’elles peuvent provenir de différentes sources et avoir de formats différents, ce qui rend cette analyse fastidieuse. Les Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) tentent de résoudre ce problème, en les couplant au WebMapping, ainsi nous pouvons diffuser et manipuler les objets directement sur une carte interactive pour une gestion très pertinente et efficace des données géographiques. Notre travail consiste à intégrer et à adapter la technologie webmappping dans le système de monotoring pour le suivi des activités de ReviTec à travers des outils Open Source. Key words: ReviTec®, WebMapping, GIS, spatial data, soil degradation, desertification, information system.
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A look at the landscape integration process in the new urban centre of Diamniadio in Senegal
BADIANE Sidia Diaouma (1), MBAYE Edmée (1)
(1) Laboratoire de Biogéographie, Département de Géographie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar
Abstract. In the context of smart cities, the notion of landscape has a fundamental place. This important dimension has been considered in the planning of the urban pole of Diamniadio. This reflection is thus concerned with the integration of landscape in the planning of the urban pole of Diamniadio. The study was based on a research approach of direct field observation, a survey of actors, and inventories of baobab tree feet as landscape markers. It shows that the landscape is at the heart of the Diamniadio urban centre construction project. The development of this new town is based on planning that highlights the natural assets of the area. The first infrastructure construction works bear witness to this. The ambition of the public authorities is to make Diamniadio an intelligent city by articulating the urban in the natural. This involves preserving green spaces, adapting constructions to the substrate and enhancing wetlands. Keywords. Landscape integration, development, urban pole, Diamniadio, Senegal.
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Phenology of woody species preserved in the savannah and evolution of environments modified by anthropic activity. The example of the savannahs of North-East Ivorian
KAMBIRE Sambi (1)
(1) Maître-assistant, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly/Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)
Abstract. The natural environment of the Sudanese savannahs is characterized by useful protected species of trees, organized in orchards or parks. This woody stand does not strongly dominate the landscape; it adorns. In addition, it is at the origin of many original aspects: in these savannas where the clearings and fires practiced by the man involve a depletion of the flora of origin and a reduction in the fertility of the soil, these species involve modifications remarkable the physiognomy of the different facies of the vegetation by the appearance and the fall of their leaves, flowers and fruits. We can therefore wonder about the role of these phenological modifications in restoring the environments modified by humans. The aim of this work was to understand the phenology of the main woody species spared by the clearing of rural communities and the useful modifications they can make in environments deeply modified by anthropic activity. The phenological stages of these woody species are analyzed on the basis of surveys carried out every two weeks from the start of the dry season (November) to the end of the rainy season (May-June to October). The following results show that their green regrowth, from scattered fruits or roots, allow the woody reconquest of environments abandoned to fallow. Key words. Phenology, useful species of trees, destroyed environments, savannah, North-Eastern Côte d’Ivoire.
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Un cadre générique orienté service pour les applications SIG dédié à la communauté de recherche sur l’utilisation des terres
KAKEU TUEKAM Severin (1), FOTSING Eric (2)
(1) Département de Génie Informatique, LAIA laboratory, Institut Universitaire de Technologie Fotso Victor, Université de Dschang
(2) Département de Mathématique et d’Informatique, URIFIA laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Dschang
Abstract. Avec la disponibilité croissante d’informations géoréférencées et d’applications SIG sur le Web, les questions de partage des connaissances dans les activités et services en réseau ont suscité un intérêt tant dans la recherche sur l’utilisation des terres que dans le monde commercial et universitaire. La communauté de recherche sur l’utilisation des terres comprend des acteurs issus de diverses disciplines formant une communauté de pratique pour partager les préoccupations concernant le travail, les problèmes et les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés. Les approches agent-based, intelligence artificielle, mathématiques et spatiales sont généralement utilisées pour proposer des solutions à des problèmes complexes dans le domaine de l’environnement. Parfois, la diversité des architectures logicielles utilisées dans les applications SIG limite l’efficacité du partage des connaissances au sein de la communauté. De nos jours, ces applications ne doivent pas se limiter aux processus de stockage et d’affichage, mais elles doivent être orientées composants et services afin de faciliter le partage de connaissances, de données et de services entre les outils du domaine ou les acteurs dans divers domaines, y compris les applications de télédétection, les systèmes multi-agents et plateformes Big Data. Dans cet article, nous abordons ce problème en proposant un cadre générique orienté services qui aide les développeurs à créer des applications SIG à couplage lâche et évolutives plus efficaces. Keywords. Software Architecture, Middleware, GIS Technology, Service, Community of Practice, Land Use.
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Remote sensing, GIS and study of the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use on the landscape of Mount Cameroon, South-West Region Cameroon
MEZAFACK karol L (1), Julius TATA Nfor (1), NGUEFACK Jovis Arnold (1), TIENTCHEU Loic (1)
(1) Unité de Recherche d’étude climatologique Environnementale de l’Université de Dschang, UCLIREN, Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang
Abstract. The landscape of Mount Cameroon is endowed with a tropical volcano covered with a dense forest belt that centuries of human occupations have contributed to shaping. Taking this into account, the main objective of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover and land use in the said area. The diachronic approach was used for the digital processing of satellite images of the period of 1986, 2010 and 2020 according to the likelihood algorithm. However, the cross-referencing of images from the 1986 and 2020 period from the land change modeler module made it possible to assess the gains and losses of land use categories. Indeed, eleven classes of land use have been identified but which are not always well differentiated. The changes observed operate differently during the periods 1986-2010 and 2010-2020. The overall rate of change shows a notable regression in certain categories of land cover. These are mainly natural plant formations (Coastal forests, Sub-montane forests and mangroves) with respectively an overall regression of the order (-30.28%, -14.33% and -38.37%) of the total area of the study area. At the same time, significant progress is observed on the side of young secondary forests and dense mountain forests respectively of the order (33.94% and 13.49%). of the built-up areas and peasant agro-plantations class with an overall expansion rate of around 137.29% and 29%. However, during the period 1986 to 2021 four forms of change have been observed in the landscape. It is another phenomenon of natural regeneration of dense mountain and young secondary forests which represents 39% of the landscape followed by the phenomenon of regeneration which represents 32.68% of the landscape area. The phenomenon of deforestation represents 17% of the surface of the landscape, and finally the phenomenon of urbanization which represents 10.96% of the landscape. All this could be explained by the strong anthropization of the landscape by human activities. It seems necessary to take urgent measures to safeguard the remaining ecosystems in order to allow a more balanced development of the area. Key words. Land cover, landscape, remote sensing, GIS, anthropization, Mount Cameroon.
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Characterization of the effects of the metropolisation of Douala on the city of Dibombari by remote sensing and GIS
Julius TATA Nfor (1) & NIOTO Brigitte Nancy (1)
(1) Unité de Recherche de Climatologie et d’Etudes Environnementale (UCLIREN) Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang
Abstract. Les systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) et la Télédétection sont devenus un véritable d’outil d’analyse spatiale, touchant presque tous les domaines, tels que l’urbanisme. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer la contribution de l’utilisation combinée de la télédétection et des SIG dans la gestion d’effets de la métropolisation de Douala sur la ville de Dibombari. Quatre axes ont été choisis pour cette étude : la couverture spatiale, l’évolution démographique, les flux d’échanges et services entre les deux villes et l’occupation foncière sur une période de 43 ans (1977 à 2020) à partir d’images Landsat. Les trajectoires d’évolution des changements d’occupation et d’usage des sols ont d’abord été reconstruites à partir de la classification des images satellite selon une approche orientée-objet. Ensuite, des métriques paysagères ont été calculées afin d’analyser les principales dynamiques spatio-temporelles de l’expansion urbaine et leur impact sur les structures paysagères. Les enquêtes de terrain ont été menées pour avoir les données statistiques. Les résultats révèlent une nette progression du tissu urbain qui est inégalement réparti dans l’espace, mais surtout concentré autour des routes nationales n°3 et n°5 et autour des limites entre Douala IV et les villages proches de Dibombari. Cette progression de la consommation foncière, d’un taux moyen 1,2%/an à compter de 2014 s’est principalement effectuée au détriment des terres agricoles tandis que la tache urbaine continue d’intégrer de plus en plus les espaces verts proche de Douala. La projection faite de l’évolution urbaine de la ville de Dibombari, étant très optimiste va conduire à l’actualisation de la base de données foncière et à la naissance de projets de cartographie Web, pour la simplification des interactions des particuliers et les services communaux pour la naissance d’une Dibombari résiliente. Key words. Metropolisation, Remote sensing, GIS, City of Dibombari, Cameroon.
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Contribution of geomatics to the mapping of areas at risk of malaria transmission in the city of Yamoussoukro (Central Ivory Coast)
KOUAME Adonis Krou Damien (1), KOUADIO TAMEGNON Jean Carlos (1), GNAZALÉ Gnahoua Guy Roger (1)
(1) Université Félix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY, UFR STRM/CURAT
Abstract. La propagation des maladies à transmission vectorielle dépend de la persistance de facteurs climatiques et environnementaux qui favorisent la reproduction des vecteurs. Le paludisme est l’une des maladies à transmission vectorielle les plus dangereuses et son impact reste considérable en Côte d’Ivoire. Il est à la base de nombreux décès, mais sa répartition spatiale et la prévision des risques sont des défis que les autorités sanitaires ont des difficultés à relever. L’objectif de ce travail est de cartographier les zones potentiellement sensibles au développement des gîtes larvaires et de nuisance des anophèles dans la ville de Yamoussoukro à l’aide des techniques de la géomatique. L’utilisation combinée d’images satellitaires et de données multisources intégrées dans un Système d’Information Géographique (SIG) a permis de déterminer les zones d’intervention prioritaires en fonction de l’analyse des facteurs environnementaux qui conduisent à la transmission du paludisme à Yamoussoukro. Ainsi, le traitement des images satellites a permis d’extraire, les classes d’occupation du sol, la température de surface, et l’humidité de surface. L’intégration de ces facteurs environnementaux dans un SIG à l’aide de l’analyse multicritère par la méthode AHP a permis de générer des cartes de risques paludique qui permettent de distinguer trois niveaux de risque qui sont : le risque faible, le risque moyen et le risque élevé. Globalement, 29,28 % de la superficie totale de la ville de Yamoussoukro a été classée comme espace à risque élevé de prolifération des moustiques. Ces cartes du risque de paludisme pourraient être utilisées pour établir les priorités des mesures de lutte contre le paludisme. Keywords. Remote sensing, GIS, environmental factors, malaria, AHP, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast.
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Mapping of the dynamics of forest cover and evaluation of the processes of fragmentation of the classified forest of the three rivers in the North-East of Benin
MOUSSA Abdel Djalilou (1), AROUNA Ousséni (2), SOUFOUYANE Zakari (1), TOKO IMOROU Ismaïla (1)
(1) Laboratoire de Cartographie (LaCarto), Institut de Géographie, de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de l’Environnement (IGATE), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.
(2) Laboratoire de Géosciences, de l’Environnement et Applications, Université Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM), Abomey, Bénin.
Abstract. The classified forest of Trois Rivières and its periphery (FCTRP) are undergoing strong disturbances. With this in mind, the dynamics of vegetation types were studied by supervised classification under Envi 5.1 of SPOT (2005) and Sentinel 2 (2019) images. ArcGIS 10.5 software was used to map land cover. The changes that occurred were assessed from the transition matrix. Spatial structure indices were determined with Fragstats software. From the different analyses, a reduction of 28% of forest formations in favor of anthropogenic formations was observed. Dense dry forests suffered more degradation with 63% loss, while plantations (70%), fields and fallows (60%) and settlements (52%) experienced more gains. The ongoing transformations in the FCTRP are removal (36%) of patches in natural formations and creation (36%) in anthropogenic formations. The disturbance index (u = 0.58) indicates a predominance of natural formations in 2019, a clear sign that forest cover recovery is still possible if disturbance stops. Keywords. Forest landscapes, Fragmentation, classified forest of Trois Rivières, periphery, Benin.
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Modeling rock falls in Ngaoundéré (Cameroon)
NDJEUTO TCHOULI Prosper Innocent (1), FOTSING Marcel Junior (1), MOUHAMAN Issouhou (1), BARDOU Eric (2), TCHOTSOUA Michel (3)
(1) Docteur, Laboratoire de géomatique Université de Ngaoundéré
(2) Docteur, Centre de Recherche sur l’Environnement Alpin (CREALP)
(3) Professeur Titulaire des Universités, Université de Ngaoundéré
Abstract. The essentially spontaneous growth of the city of Ngaoundéré has as a corollary the occupation of the slopes of the Ngaoundéré and Ngaoundai mountains, thus exposing the populations to the risks of falling boulders. This article assesses the extent of the dangers associated with the falls of some of these boulders. The morpho-pedological data collected and formatted made it possible to simulate their descents using the Rockyfor3D application. The results of this simulation allowed the delineation of the risk sectors, classified into three main sets, according to the energy generated by each block during its descent. The authorities in charge of the development of the city of Ngaoundéré can use these results to strengthen the city's resilience to these natural risks. Key words. Boulder fall, risk, modeling, urban space, Ngaoundéré.
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Health territory and access to health care facilities in garoua (north Cameroon)
BASKA TOUSSIA Daniel Valérie (1)
(1) Maître de Conférences, Département de Géographie, Université de Maroua-ENS (Cameroun)
Abstract. L’aménagement sanitaire du territoire vise à redorer l’efficience du système de soins. Il permet de rendre l’offre de soins accessible à tous. Il s’agit de réduire autant que faire se peut les inégalités et les disparités géographiques de santé. À Garoua, on observe des disparités d’accessibilité aux soins à l’échelle des aires et des districts de santé. Elles restent une problématique qui mérite d’être clarifiée. Après une observation de terrain et des enquêtes auprès de 300 ménages choisis de manière aléatoire, les résultats montrent que le territoire sanitaire de Garoua se décompose en trois districts de santé : Garoua 1er, Garoua 2ème et Garoua 3ème. Il est constitué de 59 formations sanitaires. Elles sont de toute catégorie confondue et inégalement réparties. On dénombre 28 formations sanitaires à Garoua 1er, pour 06 aires de santé, 25 formations sanitaires pour 07 aires de santé à Garoua 2ème et à Garoua 3ème, 06 formations sanitaires pour 04 aires de santé. Ces disparités observées s’expliquent par les variables sociodémographiques, économiques, culturels et spatiaux. Il revient évidemment aux pouvoirs publics et ses partenaires au développement sanitaire de revoir la planification sanitaire pour rompre ces inégalités de santé de par la dynamique de la décentralisation qui se met progressivement en place. Key words. Sanitary planning, health territory, accessibility, health inequality, health care, Garoua.
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Influence of climate on grass biomass from 1999 to 2019: case of the rural commune of tamou and tapoa in the department of say/tillaberi in Niger
IBRAHIM MOUSSA Saidou (1); SOULEY Kabirou (2); TOTIN V. Henri (3)
(1) Département de Géographie et Aménagement du Territoire, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
(2) Département de Géographie, Université de Zinder, Niger
(3) Laboratoire Pierre PAGNEY : Climat, Eau, Ecosystèmes et Développement, Université d’Abomey-Clavi 01
Abstract. The objective of this study is to highlight the effects of climate variation on the evolution of biomass in the Rural Commune of Tamou and Tapoa (W biosphere reservoir), Department of Say. To conduct this study, the analysis of climatic parameters (precipitation, humidity and temperature) from 1981 to 2019 and diachronic mapping of biomass status from 1999 to 2019 were conducted. Biomass status was studied at the beginning of the season (May), at the core (August) and at the end of the rainy season (September). Biomass was classified into three categories (high density biomass, medium density biomass and low-density biomass). Nevertheless, the study focused on the first two classes. The results show that precipitation and humidity have decreased and temperatures have increased. The proportion of high-density biomass varies from 43; 47 to 34% in 1999 versus 19; 37 and 29% in 2019. As for the medium density biomass, at the beginning of the season, it remained stable with a rate of 35% in 1999 and 2019. From the heart to the end of the season, it varies respectively from 37 and 33% in 1999 to 27 and 26% in 2019. Keywords. Niger, Say, climate, Biomass, influence.
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Sustainable management of agro-pastoral spaces in the Ngaoundéré 2nd District Municipality: participatory approach coupled with GIS in the localities of Darang and Madem
MOUHAMAN Issouhou (1)
(1) Doctorant en géographie, université de Ngaoundéré
Abstract. Agriculture and livestock are the main income-generating activities in the far north of Cameroon in general, and in the rural area of the Ngaoundere 2nd Subdivisional Council in particular. The peaceful cohabitation of these two activities in the field is a real challenge. In order to manage the available resources in a sustainable manner, a strategy was put in place as part of this study. The methodology used is based on a diagnosis of available agro-pastoral resources and the main difficulties encountered in the agriculture and livestock sectors in the localities of Darang and Madem. In addition, GPS points were taken and land use maps were produced in a participatory manner using high-resolution aerial images. These tools led to the creation of an agropastoral zoning with the involvement of the populations, the main actors in the agropastoral sector, and the administration (Mayor and Sub-Prefect). Thus, 1,635 hectares were delimited and approved by the traditional and administrative authorities (1,047 ha of agricultural zone in Darang, 412 ha of pasture and 176 ha of agricultural zone in Madem). Keywords: Agruculture, Zoning, Participatory Mapping, Darang, Madem
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Public actors of the city of Salé, Moroccan-African: Strategic vision and urban governance
OUAZIZ ALI (1)
(1) Institut Universitaire des Études Africaines, Euro-Méditerranéennes et Ibéro Américaines à Rabat. Membre du Laboratoire d’Analyse des Systèmes, Traitement de l’Information et du Management Industriel (LASTIMI) Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Maroc. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5628-954X
The city of Salé is a strong and important regional center near Rabat, it had a serious development in recent years even if it is still looking for its identity and its place, vis-à-vis Rabat the capital and on the other hand, within the large regional space. This axis seeks to develop the deferent practices and actors of governance, as well as the means of administration and management of the territory of Salé. The rank of Salé and the capital region must be strengthened through the creation of major facilities, by their presence, new major facilities will contribute to developing the image of Salé and increasing its influence; they will make it possible to intensify cultural life, develop the practice of sport and revitalize the economy. Their location in major sites of the conurbation, existing or to be created, will strongly contribute to structuring the urban space and developing the supply of local facilities, which will involve both rebalancing the supply between Rabat and Salé and between the different districts, and to create a new offer, particularly in terms of leisure facilities for young people. The administrative structures responsible for urban management are striking in their diversity and multiplicity. In the territory of the same city coexist wilaya, prefecture or province, municipality and urban community, urban agency and regional inspection of town planning. The multiplication of these institutional mechanisms requires, for their operation, considerable human and financial costs which largely exceed the capacities of the Moroccan State. Hence the difficulties and the slowness with which these territorial systems take shape on the ground, and multiple conflicts of competence between these different actors who dispute the urban field. Three members deserve to be analysed, because of the decisive role they play in the management of the town of Salé :
The city prefecture ;
The urban agency (AURS) ;
The regional town planning inspectorate (IRU);
Decentralized structure of the city of Salé.
Keywords : City, governance, management, decision, development, urban planning.
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Use of Cellular Automata and the Markov chain for modeling land cover in the downstream watersheds of Lom Pangar
NDIKWÉ DOURWÉ Maurice (1), ANABA BANIMB Christian Robert (1), TCHOTSOUA Michel (1)
(1) Laboratoire de Géomatique, Université de Ngaoundéré, BP 454 Ngaoundéré, Cameroun
Abstract. The artificialization of ecosystems has become a major problem that impacts biodiversity around the world. Responding to such a problem requires monitoring land use. In the downstream watersheds of Lom Pangar, the types of land use have been in perpetual dynamics since the 2000s. This dynamic is marked by the combination of several factors which are, among others, the overexploitation of natural resources induced by the water from the Lom Pangar hydroelectric dam in 2015. In this context, decision-making for the rational use of natural resources becomes difficult. In this sense, a study aimed at generating information on the evolution of the types of occupations in the downstream watersheds of Lom Pangar was carried out. The methodological approach consisted in the collection, processing and analysis of geospatial data. It emerges from this study that two (02) main factors are responsible for the dynamics of land use units in this space: the amplification of gold mining and the massive influx of fishermen in the locality of 'Ouami during and after the impoundment of the dam in 2015. It was after the impoundment that the types of land use experienced a considerable regressive dynamic. The average annual rate of change revealed that the land use units from 2013 to 2020 recorded the following values: buildings (21.44); bare ground (49.80); the forest/gallery (-2.52); the wooded savannah (-6.96); shrubby savannah (-1.63); the grassy savanna/field (5.65) and the body of water (47.71). This observation led to the implementation of the modeling of land cover types in 2030 through the CA_Markov algorithm. Thus, the land use units at the local scale will be as follows: the forest/gallery (22.63%); the wooded savannah (19.44%); shrubby savannah (16.78%); grassy savannah/field (0.92%) dead wood patches (9.50%); bare ground (0.29%); buildings (0.29%) and the body of water (30.15%). In this context, the establishment of a management plan becomes an emergency. Key words. Satellite image, Dynamics of land cover types, Modelling, Ouami.
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Urban mobility during peak hours on the right bank of Bamako and in Kalanban-coro
TRAORE Binta (1)
(1) Faculté d’Histoire et de Géographie (Université des Sciences Sociales et Gestion de Bamako)
Abstract. The demographic surge of Bamako and Kalaban Coro, chief town of commune, is reflected by an extension of the city and a consumption of space. This expansion is strong in spontaneous neighborhoods and has an impact on the problem of urban transport. The objective of this study is to understand the shortcomings of the public transport offer during peak hours. The methodology adopted focused on the counting of public transport vehicles and passengers at certain stops on the right bank and at Kalaban-Coro (chief town) during peak hours and on field surveys. The study reveals that demand is not the same during working days and non-working days. Thus during working days from 6 am to 7 pm, we have 36,800 passengers against 19,912 vehicles at the stops and 13,646 passengers against 7,908 vehicles at the terminals. For non-working days we have 14,749 passengers against 8,901 vehicles at the stops and 4,984 passengers against 3,091 vehicles at the terminals. In fact, in Bamako, to meet the need to travel, you need transport infrastructure, and a good organization of public transport. Keywords. Collective transport, rush hour, axes, service lines, terminus.
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Private land developers, customary land holders and anarchic extension of Yaoundé's peripheral areas
DJOMO NJOUONANG Harold Gaël (1), TAGNE TATUEBU Claude (1)
(1) Université de Yaoundé I
Abstract. In the neighborhoods of Yaoundé town, an important land market is developing and involves several actors with varied logics. But, this market is almost entirely under the control of customary owners and private land developers who take advantage of the laxity of the public authorities to develop their practices. The vitality of land tenure in these outlying areas of Yaounde and dictated by customary landowners and private developers is a handicap for development as land issues significantly limit the implementation of community infrastructure. The land is sold to the population without any standard, without any management plan, which leads to an anarchic occupation of peripheral areas. A situation which contributes not only to maintain the precariousness of the dwellings found there, but also to accentuate the socio-spatial inequalities which take as support the level general income of the populations, the status of the grounds, and even also the types materials used in the construction of these dwellings. Keywords. Real estate developers, customary holders, Law enforcement, Peripheral spaces.
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Private land developers, customary land holders and anarchic extension of Yaoundé's peripheral areas
TOB-RO N’Dilbé (1); TCHINDEBE Ignabé (2)
(1) Maître Assistant, Département de géographie, Université Adam Barka d’Abéché (Tchad) Adresse : B.P : 1173 N’Djaména (Tchad), Pays : Tchad
(2) Géomaticien, Chef de service information géographique, Commune de N’Djaména (Tchad)
Abstract. Located in the Chari-Logone interfluve, on clay soils, exposing it to recurrent flooding, the southern part of the city of N'Djamena is under great pressure, subjecting its inhabitants to difficult living conditions. In this context, we set ourselves the objective of identifying/understanding the factors behind the intensification of this urbanization front. To do so, cartographic analyses were conducted to characterize its spatial dynamics. Field observations and interviews with resource persons complete the approach. The results highlight that the lock of the southern extension of the city of N'Djaména, constituted by the Chari River, has been broken since the mid-1980s, but its intensification can be observed from the 2000s. From 2009 to 2020, the sector expanded from 21.56 to 39.12 km2, a gain of 17.56 km2. The location of facilities and the affordable cost of access to land and real estate have contributed to this development. This urbanization is developing at the expense of agricultural areas. Recurrent flooding, cholera epidemics, malfunctions of the two bridges and the insecurity situation caused by inappropriate parking and armed pursuits are the downside of this urbanization. Key words. Spatial dynamics, Chari-Logone interfluve, southern urbanization front, infrastructure and superstructure facilities, land/real estate, N'Djamena.
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Urban planning issues related to urban heat islands in Douala (Cameroon): a historical-geographical modelling approach
NKOUANDOU Aboubakar (1); AKOKE ABEM David Xavier (1) ; YUNGSI WIRSIY Destain (1); ATANGANA BAMELA Hyacinthe (1) ; NDAMÈ Joseph Pierre (5)
(1) Attaché de Recherches LATIS, INC (Cameroun)
(2) Chargé de Recherches LRVC, INC – LADTER (Cameroun)
(3) Maître de Conférences. LADTER, Université de Ngaoundéré (Cameroun)
Abstract. In Cameroon, as elsewhere, the phenomenon of urbanisation is a major fact that contributes to the dynamics of the territories. The resulting economic and demographic dynamics in turn modify the micro-climatic profile of regional urban centres such as Douala and Yaoundé, among others. These observed intra-urban thermal variations lead to the questioning of urban planning issues in the face of a phenomenon that is growing over the years, thanks to geospatial modelling and planning tools, using the city of Douala (Littoral region) as a case study. To do this, the methodological approach takes into account two variables: qualitative (interviews with officials from MINDUH, MINTP, MINDCAF, town halls and 125 households in the city's six districts) and quantitative (based, in part, on satellite imagery in order to extract morphological, thermal and land-use indicators of the site collected over a 50-year period - 1971-2021). The preliminary results reveal a still limited consideration of the UHI phenomenon in urban planning. The accentuation of compact urban practices reinforces a deconstruction of the climatic parameters at the local scale, generating situations of thermal discomfort; disturbances which would be linked to the natural layout of the site, to the modes of construction of the habitat, to the spatial organisation of the city, to the artificialisation of the soil, to the vulnerability of the infrastructures and to the congestions linked to mobility. Nevertheless, the localized development of urban air-conditioning elements such as drains and natural spaces, among others, is necessary in order to associate mitigation and adaptation to the uncomfortable thermal amplitudes in the city of Douala. Key words. Heat islands, vulnerability, modelling, micro-climate, Douala.
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Spatial modeling of the transfer of nitrates to groundwater in an agricultural watershed: Case of Songon (Côte d’Ivoire)
KOUAKOU AKPO Sylvain (1); KOFFI Avy Stéphane (2) ; KONE Tiangoua (1); MIAN EBA Germain (1) ; COULIBALY Lacina (1)
(1) Laboratoire d’Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA), Université NANGUI ABROGOUA d’Abidjan. Enseignant-Chercheur de spécialité Géosciences et Environnement (Ingénierie Environnementale). 01 BP 801 Abidjan 01
(2) Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly de Korhogo. Enseignant-Chercheur de spécialité Télédétection et SIG. BP 1328
Abstract. The strategic role of groundwater in the socio-economic development of Abidjan leads us to study their vulnerability. Specifically, it was to assess the anthropogenic pressure linked to the supply of nitrogen from agricultural activities on the Songon Agricultural Watershed and to draw up the map of the specific vulnerability to pollution of groundwater by nitrates of the watershed. The functionalities offered by geographic information systems have enabled us to develop pollution vulnerability maps based on the methods of indexing and weighting environmental factors using the Susceptibility Index method. In fact, InPrAzot from the study area gives five (05) classes that range from very low with a nitrogen dose of 171,139.4 kg / year to very high with 2,909,369.3 kg / year as nitrogen dose. Also, the vulnerability mapping revealed five (05) vulnerability classes. The very low vulnerability class dominates with 40.28% of the basin area followed by the very high class with 30.20%. The low, medium and high vulnerability classes 6.23%, 7.87%, and 15.42%. It emerges from this study that the level of vulnerability is not alarming given the position of the catchment field. Keywords. Vulnerability, Pollution, Nitrates, Susceptibility Indices, Groundwater, Songon.
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Integration of the cartographic tool in the management of municipal revenues of Agoè-Nyivé 1 in South Togo
SINON Kassere (1), NDJEUTO TCHOULI I. P. (2), TCHOTSOUA M. (2)
(1) Enseignant à l’École La Madone de la Mairie d’Agoè-Nyivé 1
(2) Université de Ngaoundéré, Laboratoire de Géomatique
Abstract. The supply of persistent public services to population specifically that of Agoè-Nyivé 1 municipality, is a major issue for town halls because requiring significant financial resources. The mobilization of financial resources for this purpose is based on outdated methods and/or practices in view of the progress made in ICT and particularly in geomatics. In order to optimize the revenue of the municipality, this study is done to show the contribution of the cartographic tool in solving the difficulties that arise in the mobilization and management of municipal taxes. To succeed, the following methodological approach was followed: an internship at the town hall, collecting and processing data with spatial and non-spatial reference and their implementation in a relational database designed according to the MERISE method. The results of this study, namely the organization of the municipal space into tax collection areas and the development of a relational database named « contribuable_can_1 », confirm the added value of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the decision-making of development actors in the municipality of Agoè-Nyivé 1. Key words. Relational database, GIS, communal recipe, Agoè-Nyivé 1.
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Contribution of geomatics to the monitoring of environmental and social management plans in the South Administrative Region (Cameroon)
TCHOUTCHUIE CHEKUIE Georges Patrice (1), FOFIRI NZOSSIÉ Éric Joël (2), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (3), ISSOUHOU Mouhaman (4)
(1) Délégation Régionale de l’Environnement, de la Protection de la nature et du Développement Durable pour le Sud (Cameroun)
(2) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie / Chercheur Associé UMR 201 « Développement & Sociétés » IRD-IEDES, BP. 320, Yaoundé (Cameroun)
(3) Université de Dschang, IUT-Fotso Victor de Bandjoun, Département d’informatique
(4) Unité de Formation Doctorale de Géographie, Université de Ngaoundéré, BP 454, Dang, Cameroun
Abstract. Le suivi des plans de gestion environnementale et sociale (PGES), tirés des études d’impact et audits environnementaux, est un levier important de l’évaluation environnementale. Un suivi approximatif des mesures prescrites dans le PGES concourt à une dégradation de l’environnement et une matérialisation des impacts identifiés sur les populations riveraines. Au Cameroun, et principalement dans la Région du Sud, des retours des missions de terrain mettent en exergue un certain nombre de difficultés dans le suivi de la mise en œuvre des PGES par les entreprises et responsables des projets. Ces difficultés sont dues à l’insuffisance d’outils et de procédés mis en place par le Ministère en charge de l’Environnement. A partir d’un état diagnostic des PGES de la Région du Sud réalisée à l’aide des outils de la géomatique, une application web dénommée Surveillance et suivi des PGES (S2-PGES) consultable à l’adresse http://pges-projet.herokuapp.com/ a été développée. L’usage de cette application pour le suivi des PGES de ladite région rend compte de sa performance dans l’évaluation des taux d’effectivité et d’efficacité des mesures mises en œuvre. Le S2-PGES se positionne par conséquent comme un outil d’évaluation des performances environnementales des projets. Key words. ESMP, environmental management, geomatics, hypothetic-deductive method.
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Conception d’un Tableau de Bord Géographique pour la surveillance administrative des Plans de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale au MINEPDED : Cas pilote de la Région de l’Est au Cameroun
MENGUE Michèle Odile (1), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (2), ETOUNA Joachim, WADOUFEY Abdel (3), FOFIRI NZOSSIE Éric Joël (1)
(1) Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable (MINEPDED)
(2) Université de Dschang, IUT-Fotso Victor de Bandjoun, Département d’informatique
(3) I Love Geomatics
(4) Unité de Formation Doctorale de Géographie, Université de N’Gaoundéré, BP 454, Dang, Cameroun, wadouf@gmail.com
Abstract. Au Cameroun, la surveillance administrative des Plans de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale est encadrée par les Décrets N°2013/0171/PM et N°2013/0172/PM du 14 février 2013. Elle porte sur la mise en œuvre effective du plan de gestion environnementale et sociale. Cette surveillance administrative devrait permettre aux responsables du Ministère de l’environnement, de la protection de la nature et du développement durable (MINEPDED), d’avoir un état clair et réel en matière de PGES, mais cela n’est pas le cas malgré la mise en place, depuis 2019, d’une plateforme de mise en ligne des PGES, dénommée SISPGES. ’Objectif principal de cette recherche est de développer un tableau de bord géographique qui présente les PGES sur le terrain en insistant sur les caractéristiques qui constituent chaque PGES.Par une méthode hypothético-déductive basée sur la formulation des questions, objectifs, et hypothèses de recherche et à l’aide de la géomatique, nous avons conçu un tableau de bord géographique (consultable via le lien URL suivant : https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/03d82a7798e64158af8b7e77c0037ceb) adossé à un état diagnostic des PGES de la Région de l’Est au Cameroun en fonction des secteurs d’activités. Cet état diagnostic des PGES a été monté dans une base de données spatiale. A partir de ce tableau de bord, nous avons la répartition géographique, ainsi que les indicateurs qui décrivent la situation de chaque PGES. Nous proposons ainsi que ce tableau de bord soit intégré à la plateforme SISPGES du Ministère et soit élargi aux autres Régions du Cameroun. Key words. Administrative monitoring, geographic dashboard, spatial database, Eastern Region.
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Analysis of the environmental changes perceived by the populations and observed and measured in the upper valley of the Bénoué (Northern Cameroon)
AOUDOU DOUA Sylvain (1) BAIKARA Markus (1), GARINE Eric (2), RAIMONDChristine (3)
(1) Université de Maroua Cameroun
(2) Université de Ngaoundéré Cameroun
(3) Université de Paris Nanterre, France
(4) CNRS, France
Abstract. The environmental changes and consequences that affect humanity seem uniform on a global scale, but on a local scale, they are not all perceived and experienced everywhere with the same intensity. This study conducted in the upper Bénoué Valley in Cameroon in a context of high climatic variability, progression of the agricultural pioneer front, and where more than 40% of the area of the territory is protected for its biodiversity, shows that global concerns about about climate change are not perceived as the main problem at the local level. We compared the perception of changes by the populations in their rural territories (semi-structured interviews) with environmental data measured at the station (rainfall) and by remote sensing (land cover from SPOT 2000, 2004 and 2012 images). It appears in the discourse of the locals that they perceive and experience environmental changes: the climate is changing, the human population is growing, you have to walk further and further to collect certain resources, wildlife is becoming scarce. Changes in land use, with in particular the densification of agricultural plots, are a major concern for all stakeholders, whether they are farmers, livestock breeders or protected area managers. This situation is confirmed by the analysis of satellite images which shows an extension of crops threatening the protection systems put in place within the framework of the land use plan (limits of the land, passage corridors for wildlife). Whether we are interested in one or another body of data or in a particular category of actor, it is not possible to consider only climate change without also taking into account anthropogenic factors. In the region studied, two major causes of environmental change have been identified: the climate (shortening of the rainy season, intervening droughts) and population growth. Key words. Environmental change, PNB, Benue, North-Cameroon, Satellite.
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Une approche couplée acteur-agent et espace pour la conception des processus métiers et l’implémentation des systèmes intelligents pour l’aménagement du territoire
FOTSING Eric (1), KAKEU TUEKAM Severin (2), KAMENI Eric (3), Désiré (4) et TAPAMO KENFACK Hippolyte (4)
(1) Département de Génie Informatique, LAIA laboratory, Institut Universitaire de Technologie Fotso Victor, Université de Dschang
(2) Département de Mathématique et d’Informatique, URIFIA laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Dschang
(3) Department of Computer Science, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université de Yaounde I
(4) Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I
Abstract. Cet article présente une démarche originale couplant un méta-modèle d’acteurs, le concept d’espace et une architecture à base d’agents pour concevoir une organisation et implémenter un système (d’information) intelligents. L’idée qui sous-tend cette initiative de recherche est d’assurer l’ergonomie et l’effectivité de la solution logicielle en inscrivant les concepts d’intelligence et d’espace au cœur du système d’information. La démarche et les modèles proposés pour relever ces défis sont à la croisée des chemins entre les travaux de recherche sur les méthodes de conception des SI, les architectures logicielles dirigées par les modèles et les théories développées en intelligence spatiale et artificielle. L’approche proposée est expérimentée et développée sur une diversité d’applications et de problématiques incluant le partage des connaissances dans une communauté de pratique, la modélisation des processus métiers dans les organisations et la simulation des dynamiques de changements d’utilisation de l’espace. Keywords. System, organization, architecture, actor, space, agent, knowledge, intelligence.
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GIS and urban flood modeling in Cameroon: an opportunity for flood management in Dschang
Raïssa MAFOKOU KENFACK (1), Roméo KEUMO SONGONG (2)
(1) Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang
(2) Département de Géographie et Aménagement, Université de Bamenda
Abstract. Les inondations ne se limitent plus aux villes camerounaises de plaines comme Douala (Août 2001, juin 2007, Août 2007, Août 2010 et juillet 2015) ou Kribi (1998 et 2011). Elles s’observent de plus en plus dans les villes de hautes terres et particulièrement à Dschang (Août 2010, septembre 2014 et Août 2017). La récurrence de leur occurrence constitue un handicap majeur pour le développement urbain en raison des importants dégâts enregistrés. En dépit des mesures prises par les services compétents pour éradiquer ce fléau, les mécanismes de production des inondations dans cette ville à croissance rapide restent peu maîtrisés. Au regard de ce constat désolant, comment faire face au risque croissant d’inondation dans un contexte d’urbanisation accélérée et non maitrisée ? L’objectif de cette recherche est de montrer comment les Systèmes d’Information Géographique peuvent constituer des outils clés de modélisation, voire de gestion des inondations en milieu urbain. Pour le démontrer, il a été mobilisé un cadrage méthodologique qui s’organise en trois étapes : un repérage des sites d’occurrence des inondations, une enquête domiciliaire auprès de 220 ménages répartis dans huit des vingt quartiers résidentiels de la ville, la collecte de données pluviométriques et d’occupation du sol, les mesures de la hauteur des eaux et les lectures complémentaires. Prenant appui sur les outils et techniques des Systèmes d’Information Géographique, les résultats obtenus de l’analyse des données collectées montrent que l’incivisme en milieu urbain est caractérisé d’une part par des constructions anarchiques, l’obstruction des cours d’eau et des drains, l’occupation des zones marécageuses et des zones de fortes pentes. D’autre part, les cours d’eau sont transformés en dépotoir des déchets produits dans les zones inondables. Les Systèmes d’Information Géographique nous ont permis de dresser les cartes d’exposition à l’aléa et des enjeux exposés, et permettent ainsi aux décideurs de prédire des inondations et d’organiser des secours. Keywords. GIS, Modeling, Management, Flood, Urban Environment, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Contribution of a Web-GIS to improving the visibility and Branding of Cameroon's tourist offer in the context of globalization: case of the city of Dschang and its surroundings
KAFFO Célestin (1) & EBOGO Madeleine Mimosette (1)
(1) Département de Géographie-Aménagement-Environnement, Université de Dschang
Abstract. Tourism is increasingly occupying a place of choice in the major economies of the world. Cameroon in this perspective has significant tourist resources which have earned it the name of "Africa in miniature" whose highlighting would inevitably contribute to its socio-economic development. But for more than five decades, Cameroon has been struggling to become a real tourist destination despite all the efforts made by the government and professionals in the tourism sector. In addition to the cyclical and structural constraints, a thorough analysis of the situation presents the inefficiency of traditional promotional media as one of the vectors of the lack of adequate visibility and branding of Cameroon's tourist offer on the world tourist market. However, in the context of globalization and in the face of technological advances, the need for accurate, up-to-date and real-time tourist information is imperative. From this context emerges the question of how to improve this visibility for more competitiveness on the world tourist market ? The objective of this study is to show the contribution of a Web-GIS to improving the visibility and Branding of Cameroon's tourist offer through the case of the city of Dschang in Western Cameroon. The methodological approach used to achieve this objective mobilizes the capitalization of data from the experiences of major world tourist destinations as well as field data collected and processed using the appropriate tools and software (Win Desing, PostgreSQL/Pos GIS, XAMP, WordPress and Mapptizer V.13.03). The use of tools and techniques of Geographic Information Systems leads to three main results : (1) the constitution of a spatial database presenting the tourist offers and their characteristics, (2) the establishment of a Web -GIS as well as (3) the creation of a website to make visible and facilitate the Branding of the various tourist attractions. This device will allow tourists to access vital information for the choice of their destination in real time. Based on the above, Geographic Information Systems are therefore an important tool for presenting and branding the tourist offer of the city of Dschang and its surroundings in the context of globalization. They provide a very important global vision for the analysis, the management of the quality of service, the communication and the tourist promotion. They also allow better communication between these different actors (public and private) and organizations (Tourist Office, Travel Agencies) in charge of tourism in order to sell their tourist products as well as possible. The tourist and spatial database put in place proves to be a tool for understanding the territories, their state and their evolution in an environment where the tourist market is increasingly competitive. Key words. Web-GIS, tourist offer, Branding, globalization, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Health provision in refugee camps, returnee sites and host villages in southern Chad: inventory and health challenges
NADJITOINGAR DJEKOMBE Fabien (1), DJIMOUKO Sabine (2), TCHOTSOUA Michel (3)
(1) Doctorant en géographie, Université de Ngaoundéré, département de Géographie
(2) Docteure en géographie, Enseignante chercheure, département de Géographie, Université de Moundou
(3) Professeur Titulaire des Universités, Département de Géographie, Université de Ngaounderé
Abstract. The world continues to experience forced displacement due to insecurity and conflict. Southern Chad hosts 118,168 refugees and 77,650 Chadian returnees (UNHCR, July 2021) who fled the violence between 2003, 2014, 2018 and the end of December 2020 in the Central African Republic. The objective of this article is to make an inventory of the influx of Central African refugees and Chadian returnees from the CAR, mapping of humanitarian actors and discussing a typology of the various humanitarian actors, to analyze their role and their field of action and finally to analyze the basic health offer in refugee camps, returnee sites and host villages. To achieve this objective, we used a methodological apparatus that revolves around documentary research, observation, sampling, field survey, processing and analysis of data collected. Field data collected in refugee camps, returnee sites, and host villages as well as health data are entered and analyzed in SPSS 20.0 and Excel. The results obtained indicate that there are more needs for healthy populations but the medical responses provided are weak. Access to health care is limited by financial and geographic constraints, and insufficient human resources. There is also poor patient care due to the shortage of drugs and inputs in health structures and the level of equipment deemed too low to cope with this influx. Key words. Refugees, returnees, offers of health services, medical/paramedical services.
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Inter-seasonal rainfall variability and agricultural activities in the Magoumay and Tchabawol terroirs (Bogo, Far North Cameroon)
MANGA Pierre (1) et GANOTA Boniface (2)
(1) Département de Géographie. Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Maroua
(2) Département de Géographie. Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Maroua
Abstract. Food security has long been considered a given in the rural area until the time when climatic disturbances come to influence agricultural activities in the Far North of Cameroon. Through documentary research, field surveys of a sample of 100 farmers and heads of agricultural posts, and the analysis of rainfall data over 30 years, the effects of rainfall variability on agricultural activities have been analysed. The results obtained reveal that frequent rainfall disturbances characterized the years 2002, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019 which are less rainy years with an annual average rainfall not exceeding 600mm. The year 2017 is also very deficient with a rainfall of less than 400mm. The analysis of the K3 coefficient shows the trend towards an increase in the irregularity of the rains. It varies from 1.4662539 to 2.3357509 between the first decade and the third. Consequently, the cultivation of Sorghum under rain and dry season Sorghum whose average yields per hectare were 2 tons varies from 0.8 to 1T/ha for Sorghum under rain and from 0.4 to 0.5T/ha for dry season sorghum. As for maize, the yield goes from more than 1T/ha under the exceptional rainfall conditions observed in 2012 to less than 0.5T/ha under the current conditions of rainfall deficits. In view of this situation, promotion actions in terms of agricultural input allocations, technical assistance and securing of these activities should be set up by local leaders, public authorities in order to allow the survival of agriculture, which feeds not only the rural population but also the urban centres. Key words. Rainfall variability, Agricultural activity, Terroirs, Far North Cameroon.
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Mobile learning aid smart tutor for educational continuity in times of COVDID’19: Case of English language learning
FOTSING Janvier (1),(2), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (3), MBADJOIN NJINGANG Theodore (2)
(1) Laboratoire LARIMANS, Département de Physique, Université de Buea, Cameroun
(2) Laboratoire Bien-être, Organisations, Numérique, Habitabilité, Education, Universalité, Relation, Savoirs (BONHEURS) – EA 7517, Ecole Mutation et Apprentissage (EMA), Cergy Paris Université, France
(3) Laboratoire d’Informatique Appliquée (LIA), Département de Génie Informatique, IUT Fotso Victor Bandjoun, Université de Dschang, B.P. 134, Bandjoun, Cameroun
Abstract. The health crisis facing the world has had a great impact on the world's population by changing some of our daily habits. It has affected many sectors such as education and to overcome the negative impacts created by this pandemic, states have adopted resilience measures based on teleworking, distance learning, social networks and distance learning platforms. The aim of this article is to integrate an intelligent tutor to help learning in order to ensure pedagogical continuity in times of COVID’19. By relying on the 3G+ network of a mobile operator, we have integrated a Value Added Service (VAS), centered around the activity of an intelligent tutor assisting learners in learning the English language. This solution allows learners to subscribe to the service via the mobile operator's network and access educational resources under the guidance of our intelligent tutor from the various access terminals. Keywords. Smart tutor, VAS, pedagogical continuity, COVID’19, 3G+ network.
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The mental health of teachers and distance learners in the context of Covid-19
AZAHRI Redouane (1); EL BATMI Jihane Mariame (2)
(1) Doctorant. Faculté d’Economie et de Gestion. Université Hassan1 – Maroc
(2) Doctorante FSJES d’Agadir. Université d’Ibn ZOHR. Agadir. Maroc
Abstract. L’objet de cette contribution est de savoir dans quelle mesure l’enseignement à distance influence –t- il la santé mentale des enseignants et des élèves, dans un contexte de la Covid19. A cette fin, nous avons choisi un lycée d’enseignement secondaire qualifiant. Pour tester nos hypothèses, mesures de protocole sanitaire drastique obligent, nous nous sommes basés sur une approche par questionnaire destinée aux enseignants relevant de l’établissement. Nos résultats montrent que dans un contexte de la Covid-19, si l’enseignement à distance est une réponse technopédagogique aux problèmes de suivi de cours. Ce dispositif a, pourtant, un impact sur l’état de santé des enseignants et des enseignés. D’une part, l’EAD dans le système d’enseignement scolaire est nouveau. Ceci est expliqué par une génération des enseignants qui ont du mal en matière d’appropriations des outils de NTIC. De l’autre part, les élèves (génération Y) recourent massivement au NTIC pour apprendre. Enfin, le développement d’une approche hybride (phygitale) constitue un objectif central pour les différents acteurs de la sphère éducative. Keywords. Distance learning, Mental Health, Covid-19, high school.
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Open and Distance Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa : the case of the GAGER Masters at the University of Ngaoundéré
TCHOTSOUA Michel (1), TALLA TANKAM Narcisse (2), FENDJI Jean Louis (3), ANABA BANIMB Christian Robert (4)
(1) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie, Laboratoire de Géomatique
(2) Université de Dschang, IUT-Fotso Victor de Bandjoun, Département d’informatique
(3) Université de Ngaoundéré, IUT, Département d’Informatique
(4) Université de Ngaoundéré, Département de Géographie, Laboratoire de Géomatique
Abstract. In a context of natural enclavement with very limited qualified human resources, it is possible to offer quality international training using digital channels and technologies. This lesson learned or experience-sharing article aims to disseminate the experience gained on the establishment and operation of the first online master's degree in the northern part of Cameroon: the Master of Geomatics, Land and Resources Managment (GLRM). This master's degree, created in 2010, is now supported by the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) and the REAMOOC projet as far as experiences are concerned. Keywords. Platform, Africa, Moodle, Geomatics, E- Learning.
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Development of a geoportal to improve the dissemination of information on a development project, case of the AgriFARM Upper and Middle Guinea project, Republic of Guinea
DIALLO Abdourahmane Daly (1)
(1) Responsable Système d’Information Géographique et Aménagement durable de bassin versant, projet Agriculture Familiale Résilience et Marché (AgriFARM), FIDA
Abstract. In Guinea, development projects integrated the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for planning and decision-making support around the 2000s. The Family Agriculture Resilience and Markets (AgriFARM) project is a project of Guinean government, jointly funded by IFAD, OFID and BADEA. It has a GIS linked to the Monitoring and Evaluation System. The project aims to disseminate information based on the spatial dimension and the Internet for access to the general public. This is why the choice of the theme "Development of a geoportal to improve the dissemination of information, case of the AgriFARM project". To achieve this, field and laboratory work is carried out either for the acquisition, processing of data, their integration into a database and a cartographic server for publication. Then a web platform is developed on the basis of specifications drawn up and taking into account user expectations. Eventually, the complete mapping of the project planning is done and integrated into a GIS database. Relevant information is selected for dissemination. The designed geoportal presents all the classic functions of interactive cartography. It is accessible to the general public on the internet at the address https://geo-agrifarm.com. Key words. Geoportal, visibility, AgriFARM project, Upper and Middle Guinea.
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Tirer parti des données satellitaires open source et de l’apprentissage automatique pour la gestion des forêts
OKELLO Peter (1)
(1) Kenya Space Agency
Abstract. Le projet MIDST (Monitoring for Information and Decisions using Space Technology) est une initiative de l’Agence spatiale du Kenya qui vise à aider les institutions gouvernementales nationales et de comté à combler les lacunes et les défis mis en évidence dans le rapport d’évaluation sur le matériel, les logiciels, les ressources humaines et l’espace. Les données. L’objectif du projet est d’utiliser Google Earth Engine pour développer divers produits et applications d’observation de la Terre, avec les parties prenantes, qui pourraient être utilisés pour atteindre certains objectifs dans le cadre de leur mandat. La gestion des ressources naturelles est l’un des domaines d’application du projet qui se concentre sur la surveillance du couvert forestier et des changements dans la forêt de la chaîne des Aberdares, au Kenya. KSA en collaboration avec d’autres institutions impliquées dans la gestion des forêts a formé une équipe technique qui a travaillé sur la production des produits nécessaires au suivi des forêts. Ces institutions comprenaient ; Service forestier du Kenya (KFS), Direction des enquêtes sur les ressources et de la télédétection (DRSRS), Ministère de la défense (Soldat de l’environnement), Autorité des ressources en eau (WRA), Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (ONU-FAO), Service de la faune sauvage du Kenya (KWS) et l’Université d’agriculture et de technologie Jomo Kenyatta (JKUAT). Le projet a utilisé Google Earth Engine pour traiter et analyser les produits. Les images sentinelles avec une résolution spatiale de 10 m pour les années 2016 et 2020 ont été considérées comme les données sources. Des images composites sans nuages ont été obtenues et traitées à l’aide d’un algorithme de classification supervisée. Les livrables du projet étaient des cartes de la couverture terrestre, des cartes forestières non forestières et des informations statistiques sur la couverture de la région d’intérêt. Compte tenu des classes du GIEC, les classes de couverture terrestre capturées comprenaient la classe Forêt (forêt naturelle, forêt de plantation et forêt de bambous), la classe des terres cultivées et la classe des prairies (prairies ouvertes et prairies boisées). Ce projet a déterminé que la forêt d’Aberdares couvre 225 738 hectares de terres. En 2020, 71 % de ces terres étaient sous couvert forestier (naturel, plantation et bambous) tandis que les 29 % restants étaient couverts par les autres classes d’occupation du sol (terres cultivées, prairies ouvertes et prairies boisées). Alors qu’en 2016, 69% de ces terres étaient couvertes de forêts tandis que les 31% restants étaient sous une couverture terrestre non forestière. Cela indique qu’il y a eu une augmentation de 2% du couvert forestier pour la période d’étude dans la forêt de la chaîne des Aberdares. L’exercice a permis d’obtenir une évaluation de la précision de la classification de 88,27 % avec une valeur kappa de 0,85619. Le projet a donc illustré l’utilisation des technologies de télédétection pour surveiller la couverture et les transformations forestières au fil des ans afin d’aider le processus de conservation et de gestion des forêts du pays. En outre, le projet a démontré comment diverses institutions peuvent travailler ensemble et conjuguer leurs efforts pour fournir des produits de meilleure qualité et plus complets. Key words: Earth Observation, MIDST, Google Earth Engine (GEE), Land cover, Accuracy assessment.
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Catalyser la recherche dans le secteur de l’observation de la Terre au Kenya
KIRUI Joy Cherono (1)
(1) Kenya Space Agency
Abstract. L’industrie spatiale a évolué au fil des ans et fait partie des industries à la croissance la plus rapide au monde, créant chaque jour des innovations et des opportunités d’emploi. La technologie spatiale joue un rôle essentiel dans le soutien du développement socio-économique et de la prise de décision fondée sur les données. Dans les pays en développement, la technologie spatiale a le potentiel de favoriser le développement et le progrès dans l’enseignement supérieur, la science, la technologie, la recherche et l’innovation. En tant que pays en développement, le Kenya tient à exploiter ce potentiel. Dans cette optique, le programme de subventions de recherche (RG) a été développé. L’objectif du programme RG est de catalyser et de promouvoir la recherche en sciences et technologies spatiales dans les universités locales du Kenya, ainsi que de renforcer nos capacités humaines dans ces disciplines. Le programme vise également à contribuer au développement socio-économique du Kenya en établissant des liens entre le milieu universitaire et l’industrie. Le programme a été introduit en 2020-2021 en tant que 1er cycle. Pour continuer à intensifier le développement des capacités et à augmenter le nombre de praticiens dans le secteur spatial, un deuxième cycle du programme RG a été développé dans deux domaines de projet ; développement d’un modèle de nanosatellite 3U et cartographie des cultures à petite échelle à l’aide de l’intelligence artificielle/de l’apprentissage automatique – Quatre institutions ont reçu chacune 5 000 USD. Le secteur agricole est l’épine dorsale de l’économie du Kenya, contribuant à environ 30% du PIB. L’agriculture du Kenya est principalement pratiquée à petite échelle et dans des exploitations d’une superficie moyenne inférieure à un hectare, principalement à des fins de subsistance. Le plan stratégique de l’Agence spatiale du Kenya pour 2020-2025 envisage l’utilisation des données et de la technologie satellitaire pour éclairer le processus décisionnel. La cartographie des cultures à l’aide des données de télédétection est l’un des moyens les plus efficaces d’estimer la superficie cultivée, les rendements des cultures et d’évaluer la situation de la sécurité alimentaire dans le pays, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne l’agriculture à petite échelle. Cependant, ces données nécessitent des techniques de traitement raisonnablement élevées avec des processus mathématiques complexes qui peuvent être réalisés en utilisant des techniques d’intelligence artificielle/apprentissage automatique (IA/ML). L’objectif principal de ce projet est d’explorer comment l’IA/ML peut être entraînée pour apprendre et extraire automatiquement des informations à partir de données par des méthodes informatiques et statistiques. En tant que nation émergente de carénage spatial, le programme RG est le premier programme du genre à promouvoir la recherche et l’innovation dans le secteur spatial et à nourrir les talents locaux en travaillant avec le milieu universitaire. Le programme a donné lieu à des innovations qui ont profité à la communauté et créé une prise de conscience des applications liées à l’espace. L’un des principaux enseignements du programme est que les institutions ont eu besoin d’un renforcement des capacités et d’un mentorat supplémentaire pendant la durée du projet. Une recommandation serait d’investir davantage dans le programme en y intégrant des partenaires techniques et financiers du secteur privé. Key words. Earth Observation, Crop mapping, Academia, Grant, Kenya.